baptized at home, and also a formula of conditional baptism to be substituted for the words of actual baptism in cases where there is a doubt whether the essential parts of the Sacrament were observed in the private performance of the ceremony. The rubrics direct immersion in the case of the public baptism of infants, if the godparents certify that the child can endure it, and affusion, if they certify that the child is weak. Naturally, affusion alone is directed in the case of private baptism. In the case of the baptism of adults, immersion or affusion are directed as alternatives, the discretion being left with the minister and not with the godparents. The rubric directs that, before adult persons are to receive baptism, not less than one week's previous notice shall be given to the bishop, or a person appointed by him, by the parents or some other discreet persons, in order that due care may be taken for their examination as to their knowledge of the principles of the Christian religion, and that they may be exhorted to prepare with prayers and fasting for the reception of that holy Sacrament. The baptismal services throughout contemplate the performance of the ceremony by a priest; but in the Form of Making of Deacons a deacon is expressly authorised to baptize infants in the absence of the priest. Lay baptism is valid in case of emergency; but, of course, a layman is not at liberty to use the baptismal service. 7. The Holy Communion is to be administered in every parish church and chapel so often and at such times as that every parishioner may communicate at least twice in the year (whereof the feast of Easter shall be one).[201] Warning is to be given to the parishioners "publicly in church at Morning Prayer" on the Sunday before every time of administering the Holy Communion,[202] and the present rubric requires that so many as intend to be partakers of the Sacrament shall signify their names to the curate, meaning the incumbent, at least some time the day before. In the First Prayer Book of Edward VI. this rubric ran: "So many as intend to be partakers of the Holy Communion shall signify their names to the curate overnight or else in the morning afore the beginning of Matins or immediately after."[203] The incumbent must not deny the Sacrament, without lawful cause, to any person that devoutly and humbly desires to receive it.[204] But he is directed both by the Canons and by the rubric to repel from Communion, until repentance, open and notorious evil livers, and those who have wronged their neighbours by word or deed so as to offend the congregation, and those between whom he perceives malice and hatred to reign. The Canons add to the list common and notorious depravers of the Book of Common Prayer, or the Ordering of Bishops and Priests, or the Thirty-nine Articles, or depravers of the sovereign authority of the King in causes ecclesiastical, and those who refuse to kneel when receiving the