On the other hand, in the Chipeway word for corn, _mandamin_, Ottawa _mindamin_, Cree _mattamin_, the second radical is retained in full, while for the first is substituted an abbreviation of _manito_, divine ("it is divine, supernatural, or mysterious"); if we may accept the opinion of Mr. Schoolcraft, and I know of no more plausible etymology. Tobacco was called by the Delawares _kscha-tey_, Zeis., _seka-ta_, Camp., or in the English orthography _shuate_ (Vocab. N. J. Inds.), and _koshãhtahe_ (Cummmings). I am inclined to think that these are but dialectic variations and different orthographies of the root _'ta_ or _'dam_ (_a_ nasal) found in the New England _wuttãm-anog_, Micmac _tùmawa_, Abnaki _wh'dãman_ (Rasle), Cree _tchistémaw_, Chip. _assema_ (= _asté-maw_), Blackfoot _pi-stã-kan_; a root which Dr. J. H. Trumbull has satisfactorily identified as meaning "to drink," the smoke being swallowed and likened to water. "To drink tobacco" was the usual old English expression for "to smoke." If this etymology is correct, it leads to the inference that tobacco also was known to the ancient Algonkins before they split up into the many nations which we now know, and furthermore that they must have lived in a region where these two semi-tropical or wholly tropical plants, Indian corn and tobacco, had been already introduced and cultivated by some more ancient race. To conclude that they themselves brought them from a tropical land, would be too hazardous. The pipes in which the tobacco was smoked were called _appooke_ (modern Delaware _o'pahokun'_, Cumings' Vocab.) They were of earthenware and of stone; sometimes, it is said, of copper. According to Kalm, the ceremonial pipes were of a red stone, possibly the western pipe stone, and were very highly prized.[84] Of wild fruits and plants they consumed the esculent and nutritious tubers on the roots of the Wild Bean, _Apios tuberosa_, the large, oval, fleshy roots of the arrow-leaved _Sagittaria_, the former of which the Indians called _hobbenis_, and the latter _katniss_, names which they subsequently applied to the European turnip. They also roasted and ate the acrid cormus of the Indian turnip, _Arum triphyllum_, in Delaware _taw-ho_, _taw-hin_ or _tuck-ah_, and collected for food the seeds of the Golden Club, _Orontium aquaticum_, common in the pools along the creeks and rivers. Its native name was _taw-kee_.[85] _House Building._ In their domestic architecture they differed noticeably from the Iroquois and even the Mohegans. Their houses were not communal, but each family had its separate residence, a wattled hut, with rounded top, thatched with mats woven of the long leaves of the Indian corn or the stalks of the sweet flag (_Acorus calamus_,) or of the bark of trees (_anacon_, a mat, Z.) These were built in groups and surrounded with a palisade to protect the inhabitants from sudden inroads.[86]