In the centre was sometimes erected a mound of earth, both as a place of observation and as a location to place the children and women. The remains of these circular ramparts enclosing a central mound were seen by the early settlers at the Falls of the Delaware and up the Lehigh valley. _Manufactures_. The art of the potter was known and extensively practiced, but did not indicate any unusual proficiency, either in the process of manufacture or in the methods of decoration, although the late Mr. F. Peale thought that, in the latter respect, the Delaware pottery had some claims to a high rank.[87] The representation of animal forms was quite unusual, only some few and inferior examples having been found. Their skill in manufacturing bead work and feather mantles, and in dressing deer skins, excited the admiration of the early voyagers. Although their weapons and utensils were mostly of stone, there was a considerable supply of native copper among them, in use as ornaments, for arrow heads and pipes. Some specimens of it have been found by Dr. Abbott near Trenton, and by other collectors in Pennsylvania,[88] and its scarcity in modern collections is to be attributed to its being bought up and melted by the whites rather than to its limited employment. Soap stone was hollowed out with considerable skill, to form bowls, and the wood of the sassafras tree was highly esteemed for the same purpose (Kalm). The maize was broken up in wooden or stone mortars with a stone pestle, the native name of which was _pocohaac_, a word signifying also the virile member. Their arms were the war club or tomahawk, _tomhickan_, the bow, _hattape_, and arrow, _alluns_, the spear, _tanganaoun_, and for defence Bishop Ettwein states they carried a round shield of thick, dried hide. The spear was also used for spearing fish, which they, moreover, knew how to catch with "brush nets," and with fish hooks made of bone and the dried claws of birds (Kalm).[89] _Paints and Dyes_. The paints and dyes used by the Lenape and neighboring Indians were derived both from the vegetable and mineral realms. From the former they obtained red, white and blue clays, which were in such extensive demand that the vicinity of those streams in New Castle county, Delaware, which are now called White Clay Creek and Red Clay Creek, was widely known to the natives as _Walamink_, the Place of Paint. The vegetable world supplied a variety of dyes in the colored juices of plants. These were mixed with the acid juice of the wild, sweet-scented crab apple (_Pyrus coronaria_; in Lenape, _tombic'anall_), to fix the dye. A red was yielded by the root of the _Sanguinaria Canadensis_, still called "Indian paint root;" an orange by the root of _Phytolacca decandra_, the poke or pocoon; a yellow by the root of _Hydrastis Canadensis_; a black by a mixture of sumac and white walnut bark, etc.[90] _Dogs_.