[86] For these facts, see Bishop Ettwem's article on the Traditions and Languages of the Indians, _Bulletin of the Pa. Hist. Soc._, 1848, p. 32. Van der Donck (1656) describes these palisaded strongholds, and Campanius (1642-48) gives a picture of one. See also E. de Schweimtz, _Life of Zeisberger_, p. 83. The Mohegan houses were sometimes 180 feet long, by about 20 feet wide, and occupied by numerous families. Van der Donck, _Descrip. of the New Netherlands_, pp. 196-7. _Coll. N. Y. Hist. Soc._, Ser. II, Vol. I. The native name of these wooden forts was _menachk_, derived from _manachen_, to cut wood (Cree, _manikka_, to cut with a hatchet). Roger Williams calls them _aumansk_, a form of the same word. [87] See the communication on "Pottery on the Delaware," by him, in the Proceedings of the _Am. Phil. Soc._, 1868. The whole subject of the archæology of the Delaware valley and New Jersey has been treated in the most satisfactory manner by the distinguished antiquary, Dr. Charles C. Abbott, in his work, _Primitive Industry_ (Salem, Mass., 1881), and his _Stone Age in New Jersey_ (1877). [88] Four specimens are reported from Berks Co., Pa., by Prof. D. P. Brunner, in his volume, _The Indians of Berks Co., Pa._, pp. 94, 95 (Reading, 1881). These were an axe, a chisel, a knife and a gouge. The metal was probably in part obtained in New Jersey, in part imported from the Lake Superior region. See further, Abbott, _Primitive Industry_, chap. xxviii. Peter Kalm, the Swedish naturalist, who visited New Jersey in 1748, says that when the copper mines "upon the second river between Elizabeth Town and New York" were discovered, old mining holes were found and tools which the Indians had made use of. _Travels in North America_, Vol. I, p. 384. [89] Some antiquaries appear to have doubted whether the spear was in use as a weapon of war among the Pennsylvania Indians. (See Abbott, _Primitive Industry_, p. 248.) But the Susquehannocks are distinctly reported as employing as a weapon "a strong and light spear of locust wood." _Relatio Itineris in Marylandiam_, p. 85. [90] For further information on this subject, an article may be consulted in the _Transactions of the American Philosophical Society_, 1st Ser., Vol. III, pp. 222, et seq., by Mr. Hugh Martin, entitled "An Account of the Principal Dies employed by the American Indians." [91] The Delawares had three words for dog. One was _allum_, which recurs in many Algonkin dialects, and is derived by Mr. Trumbull from a root signifying "to lay hold of," or "to hold fast." The second was _lennochum_ or _lenchum_, which means "the quadruped belonging to man;" _lenno_, man; _chum_, a four-footed beast. The third was _moekaneu_, a name derived from a general Algonkin root, in Cree, _mokku_, meaning "to tear in pieces," from which the Delaware word for bear, _machque_, has its origin, and also, significantly enough, the verb "to eat" in some dialects. [92] _History of West New Jersey_, p. 3 (London, 1698).