[140] One, about five inches in height, of a tough, argillaceous stone, is figured and described by Dr. C. C. Abbott, in the _American Naturalist_, October, 1882. It was found in New Jersey. [141] From the same root, _tschip_, are derived the Lenape _tschipilek_, something strange or wonderful; _tschepsit_, a stranger or foreigner; and _tschapiet_, the invocation of spirits. Among the rules agreed upon by Zeisberger's converted Indians was this: "We will use no _tschapiet_, or witchcraft, when hunting." (De Schweinitz, _Life of Zeisberger_, p. 379.) The root _tschitsch_ indicates repetition, and applied to the shadow or spint of man means as much as his double or counterpart. A third word for soul was the verbal form _w'tellenapewoagan_, "man--his substance;" but this looks as if it had been manufactured by the missionaries. [142] Compare Loskiel, _Geschichte_, pp. 48, 49; Brainerd, _Life and Journal_, pp. 314, 396, 399, 400. [143] Schweinitz, _Life of Zeisberger_, p. 472. [144] Heckewelder, MSS., says that he has often heard the lamentable cry, _matta wingi angeln_, "I do not want to die." [145] "As for the Powaws," says the native Mohegan, the Rev. Sampson Occum, in his account of the Montauk Indians of Long Island, "they say they get their art from dreams." _Mass. Hist. Soc. Colls_., Vol. X, p. 109. Dr. Trumbull's suggested affinity of powaw with Cree _tàp-wayoo_, he speaks the truth; Nar, _taupowauog_, wise speakers, is, I think, correct, but the latter are secondary senses. They were wise, and gave true counsel, who could correctly interpret dreams. Compare the Iroquois _katetsens_, to dream; _katetsiens_, to practice medicine, Indian fashion. Cuoq, _Lexique de la Langue Iroquoise_. [146] David Brainerd, _Life and Journal_, pp. 400, 401. [147] _Hist. Ind. Nations_, p. 280. [148] _Hist. and Statistics of the Indian Tribes_, Vol. I, p. 358, seq. [149] Wassenaer's _Description of the New Netherlands_ (1631), in _Doc. Hist of New York_, Vol. III, pp 28, 40. Other signs of serpent worship were common among the Lenape. Loskiel states that their cast-off skins were treasured as possessing wonderful curative powers (_Geschichte_, p. 147), and Brainerd saw an Indian offering supplications to one (_Life and Journal_, p. 395). [150] See Brainerd, _Life and Journal_, pp. 310, 312, 364, 398, 425, etc., and E. de Schweinitz, _Life of Zeisberger_, pp. 265, 332, etc. CHAPTER IV. THE LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE OF THE LENAPE. § 1. Literature of the Lenape Tongue--Campanius; Penn; Thomas, Zeisberger; Heckeweider, Roth, Ettwein; Grube, Dencke; Luckenbach; Henry; Vocabularies, a native letter. § 2. General Remarks on the Lenape. § 3. Dialects of the Lenape. § 4. Special Structure of the Lenape.--The Root and the Theme; Prefixes; Suffixes; Derivatives, Grammatical Notes. § 1. _Literature of the Lenape Tongue._