The Lenni Lenape, or Delaware IndiansWalker, Edwin Robert
History
The Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians
Walker, Edwin Robert
Delaware Indians
The character of the Delawares was estimated very differently. The
missionaries were severe upon them. One said they were unspeakably
indolent and slothful, had little or no ambition, not one in a thousand
had the spirit of a man. Another spoke of their alleged bravery with
the utmost contempt, and characterized them as the most ordinary and
the vilest of savages. Yet, still another missionary wrote that he did
not believe that there were any people on the earth more attached to
their relatives and friends than were the Indians.
For more than forty years after the founding of Pennsylvania there was
not a murder of a settler committed by an Indian. And General William
H. Harrison wrote that a long and intimate knowledge of the Delawares,
in peace and war, as friends and enemies, had left upon his mind the
most favorable impressions of their character for bravery, generosity,
and fidelity to their engagements.
The religious beliefs of the Delawares resembled closely those of the
other Indian nations. They were the worship of Light, especially in
its concrete manifestations of fire and sun; of the four winds, as the
rain bringers; and of the Totemic animals. The idea of a bad spirit,
a devil, appears to have been wholly unknown to the Indians until
instilled into their minds by the whites, as already remarked. They had
a general belief in the soul or spiritual part of man. Their doctrine
was that after death the soul went South where it would enjoy a happy
life for a certain time and would then return and be born again into
the world.
An important class among the Indians were those who were by the whites
called “medicine men,” who were really the native priests. They were
of two schools, one devoting themselves to divination, the other to
healing. The title of the former among the Delawares was “powwow,”
meaning dreamer. They claimed the power of dreaming truthfully of the
future, and were the interpreters of the dreams of others. Of course
they were fakirs, though palpably so only to themselves and not at all
to their followers. The other school of the priestly class was called
“medeu,” meaning conjurer. Some of them professed great austerity of
life, had no fixed abode, exorcised sickness and officiated at funeral
rites.
When the white settlers first came to New Jersey the Lenape had not
reached the stage of progress where the office of priest had been
separated from that of physician. Nor was the “profession” at all
exclusive. Anyone was eligible to enter it. The Lenape were tolerant
of the religious beliefs of others, although some of the medicine men
tried to incite their dupes to massacre certain missionaries. The Grand
Council of the Delawares in 1775 decreed religious liberty.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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