The life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: With an introductory memoir of eminent linguists, ancient and modern — John Shaqi
The life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: With an introductory memoir of eminent linguists, ancient and modernRussell, Charles William
History
The life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: With an introductory memoir of eminent linguists, ancient and modern
Russell, Charles William
Linguists; Mezzofanti, Giuseppe, 1774-1849
Beyond this limit, however, we read of no remarkable linguists even among
the accomplished scholars of the Augustan age. No one will doubt that the
two Varros may fairly be taken as, in this respect, the most favourable
specimens of the class. Now neither of them seems to have gone further
than a knowledge of Greek. Out of the four hundred and ninety books which
Marcus Terentius Varro wrote, there is not one named which would indicate
familiarity with any other foreign language.
The Neo-Platonists of the second and third centuries, whose researches
in Oriental Philosophy must have brought them into contact with some of
the Eastern languages, may possibly form an exception to this general
statement; but, on the whole, in the absence of positive and exact
information on the subject, it may not unreasonably be conjectured that,
among the Christian scholars of the second, third, and fourth centuries,
we might find a wider range of linguistic attainments than among their
gentile contemporaries. The critical study of the Bible itself involved
the necessity of familiarity, not only with Greek and Hebrew, but with
more than one cognate oriental dialect besides. St. Jerome, besides
the classic languages and his native Illyrian, is known to have been
familiar with several of the Eastern tongues; and it is not improbable
that some of the earlier commentators and expositors of the Bible may be
taken as equally favourable specimens of the Christian linguists.[18]
Origen’s Hexapla is a monument of his scholarship in Hebrew, and probably
in Syriac and Samaritan. St. Clement of Alexandria was perhaps even a
more accomplished linguist; for he tells that of the masters under whom
he studied, one was from Greece, one from Magna Græcia, a third from
Cœle-Syria, a fourth from Egypt, a fifth an Assyrian, and a sixth a
Hebrew.[19] And St. Gregory Nazianzen expressly relates of his friend St.
Basil, that, even before he came to Athens to commence his rhetorical
studies, he was already well-versed in many languages.[20]
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