The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway LocomotiveSmiles, Samuel
History
The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway Locomotive
These great streams of food, which we have thus so summarily
described, flow into London so continuously and uninterruptedly, that
comparatively few persons are aware of the magnitude and importance
of the process thus daily going forward. Though gathered from an
immense extent of country--embracing England, Scotland, Wales, and
Ireland--the influx is so unintermitted that it is relied upon with
as much certainty as if it only came from the counties immediately
adjoining London. The express meat-train from Aberdeen arrives in
town as punctually as the Clapham omnibus, and the express milk-train
from Aylesbury is as regular in its delivery as the penny post.
Indeed, London now depends so much upon railways for its subsistence,
that it may be said to be fed by them from day to day, having never
more than a few days' food in stock. And the supply is so regular
and continuous, that the possibility of its being interrupted never
for a moment occurs to any one. Yet, in these days of strikes among
workmen, such a contingency is quite within the limits of possibility.
Another contingency, arising in a state of war, is probably still
more remote. But, were it possible for a war to occur between England
and a combination of foreign powers possessed of stronger iron-clads
than ours, and that they were able to ram our ships back into port
and land an enemy of overpowering force on the Essex coast, it would
be sufficient for them to occupy or cut the railways leading from the
north, to starve London into submission in less than a fortnight.
Besides supplying London with food, railways have also been
instrumental in insuring the more regular and economical supply of
fuel--a matter of almost as vital importance to the population in a
climate such as that of England. So long as the market was supplied
with coal brought by sea in sailing ships, fuel in winter often rose
to a famine price, especially during long-continued easterly winds.
But, now that railways are in full work, the price is almost as steady
in winter as in summer, and the supply is more regular at all seasons.
The following statement of the coals brought into London by sea and
by railway, at decennial periods since 1827, as supplied by Mr. J. R.
Scott, Registrar of the Coal Exchange, shows the effect of railways in
increasing the supply of fuel, at the same time that they have lowered
the price to the consumer:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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