Congress continued to pass supplementary Reconstruction measures at
short intervals. One such authorized the commanders of the military
districts to suspend or remove any persons holding any office, civil or
military, in their districts and appoint other persons to fill their
places and exercise their functions subject to the disapproval of the
General of the Army of the United States. It was declared to be the duty
of the commanders aforesaid to remove from office all persons disloyal
to the United States and all who should seek to hinder, delay, or
obstruct the administration of the Reconstruction Acts. Section eight of
this act made members of boards of registration removable in like
manner. Section eleven provided that "all the provisions of this act,
and of the acts to which it is supplementary, should be construed
liberally." This bill was vetoed by the President July 19, 1867, and was
passed over the veto by both houses the same day. Still another
supplementary act was passed on the 11th of March, 1868, relating to the
election of members of Congress in the rebel states.
Under this harness of militarism constitutional conventions were held
and constitutions adopted by all of said states, except Texas and
Mississippi, during the year 1868, and all the rest of them were
admitted to the Union except Virginia, subject, however, to the
condition that their constitutions should never be amended, or changed,
so as to deprive any citizen, or class of citizens, of the right to
vote, except as a punishment for crimes of the grade of felonies at
common law.
Delays having occurred in the course of procedure in Virginia,
Mississippi, and Texas, there was opportunity to apply new conditions to
their readmission and this chance was eagerly seized by the radicals.
Trumbull, on the 13th of January, 1870, reported from the Judiciary
Committee a simple resolution reciting that Virginia, having complied
with all the requirements, was entitled to representation in Congress.
This was amended on motion of Drake, of Missouri, by a proviso that it
should never be lawful for the state to deprive any citizen of the
United States, on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude, of the right to hold office. Trumbull said in the debate on
this proposition that Congress had no authority to enact it and that it
would not be binding on the state. Yet it was adopted by a majority of
one vote, 30 to 29. Wilson then moved as an amendment that the state
constitution should never be so changed as to deprive any citizen or
class of citizens of school privileges, and this was adopted by 31 to
29, Trumbull in the negative. In addition to these a long section was
added prescribing a new form of oath to be taken by all state officers
and members of the legislature, which was adopted by 45 to 16, Trumbull
voting no. In the final vote on the Bill, however, he voted in the
affirmative. The same conditions were applied to Mississippi and Texas.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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