Pasteur, Louis, 1822-1895; Scientists -- France -- Biography
When the first experiments were started an incident occurred. Pasteur
has himself related this fact in his report to the Académie. “In order
to close again the point of the flasks after taking in the air, I had
taken with me an eolipyle spirit-lamp. The dazzling whiteness of the ice
in the sunlight was such that it was impossible to distinguish the jet
of burning alcohol, and as moreover that was slightly moved by the wind,
it never remained on the broken glass long enough to hermetically seal
my vessel. All the means I might have employed to make the flame visible
and consequently directable would inevitably have given rise to causes
of error by spreading strange dusts into the air. I was therefore
obliged to bring back to the little inn of Montanvert, unsealed, the
flasks which I had opened on the glacier.”
The inn was a sort of hut, letting in wind and rain. The thirteen open
vessels were exposed to all the dusts in the room where Pasteur slept;
nearly all of them presented alterations.
In the meanwhile the guide was sent to Chamonix where a tinker undertook
to modify the lamp in view of the coming experiment.
The next morning, twenty flasks, which have remained celebrated in the
world of scientific investigators, were brought to the Mer de Glace.
Pasteur gathered the air with infinite precautions; he used to enjoy
relating these details to those people who call everything easy. After
tracing with a steel point a line on the glass, careful lest dusts
should become a cause of error, he began by heating the neck and fine
point of the bulb in the flame of the little spirit-lamp. Then raising
the vessel above his head, he broke the point with steel nippers, the
long ends of which had also been heated in order to burn the dusts which
might be on their surface and which would have been driven into the
vessel by the quick inrush of the air. Of those twenty flasks, closed
again immediately, only one was altered. “If all the results are
compared that I have obtained until now,” he wrote, on March 5, 1880,
when relating this journey to the Académie, “it seems to me that it can
be affirmed that the dusts suspended in atmospheric air are the
exclusive origin, the necessary condition of life in infusions.”
And in an unnoticed little sentence, pointing already then to the goal
he had in view, “What would be most desirable would be to push those
studies far enough to prepare the road for a serious research into the
origin of various diseases.” The action of those little beings, agents
not only of fermentation but also of disorganization and putrefaction,
already dawned upon him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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