The logic of modern physicsBridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Philosophy
The logic of modern physics
Bridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Physics -- Philosophy
From a less serious point of view it may, however, be quite justified to
make such a working hypothesis as that in the action of electrical
forces may be discovered the same elements with which we are familiar in
the everyday experiences of mechanics. For such a hypothesis often
enables us to make partial correlations which suggest new experimental
tests, and thus gives the stimulus to an extension of our experimental
horizon. Many physicists recognize the tentative character of such
attempted explanations, but others apparently take them more seriously,
as for example Lord Kelvin in his continuous life-long attempts to find
a mechanical explanation of all physical phenomena. This quotation from
Kelvin is illuminating. "I never satisfy myself until I can make a
mechanical model of a thing. If I can make a mechanical model, I can
understand it. As long as I cannot make a mechanical model all the way
through, I cannot understand it.... But I want to understand light as
well as I can without introducing things that we understand even less
of."
So much for general considerations on the nature of explanation. Coming
now to greater detail, many explanations involve what may be described
as a mechanism. It is difficult to characterize exactly what we mean by
mechanism, but it seems to be associated with an attitude of mind that
strives to realize the third of the possibilities mentioned above. As a
matter of fact, the mechanism sought for is usually of a particular
type, in that the ultimate elements selected are mechanical elements.
This point of view is particularly characteristic of the English school
of physicists. Although "mechanism" usually implies mechanical elements,
we may show by specific examples that we do actually use the word in a
broader significance. If, for example, we could devise within the core
of an atom a revolving system of electrical charges, acting on each
other with the ordinary inverse square forces of electrostatics, such
that every now and then the system becomes unstable and breaks up, we
should doubtless say that we had found a mechanism for explaining
radioactive disintegration.
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