The logic of modern physicsBridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Philosophy
The logic of modern physics
Bridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Physics -- Philosophy
Recognizing the essential unpredictability of experiment beyond our
present range, the physicist, if he is to escape continually revising
his attitude, must use in describing and correlating nature concepts of
such a character that our present experience does not exact hostages of
the future. Now here it seems to me is the greatest contribution of
Einstein. Although he himself does not explicitly state or emphasize it,
I believe that a study of what he has done will show that he has
essentially modified our view of what the concepts useful in physics are
and should be. Hitherto many of the concepts of physics have been
defined in terms of their properties. An excellent example is afforded
by Newton's concept of absolute time. The following quotation from the
Scholium in Book I of the _Principia_ is illuminating:
I do not define Time, Space, Place or Motion, as being well known to
all. Only I must observe that the vulgar conceive those quantities under
no other notions but from the relation they bear to sensible objects.
And thence arise certain prejudices, for the removing of which, it will
be convenient to distinguish them into Absolute and Relative, True and
Apparent, Mathematical and Common.
(I) Absolute, True, and Mathematical Time, of itself, and from its own
nature flows equably without regard to anything external, and by another
name is called Duration.
Now there is no assurance whatever that there exists in nature anything
with properties like those assumed in the definition, and physics, when
reduced to concepts of this character, becomes as purely an abstract
science and as far removed from reality as the abstract geometry of the
mathematicians, built on postulates. It is a task for experiment to
discover whether concepts so defined correspond to anything in nature,
and we must always be prepared to find that the concepts correspond to
nothing or only partially correspond. In particular, if we examine the
definition of absolute time in the light of experiment, we find nothing
in nature with such properties.
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