But there is other testimony, apart from Cæsar’s, in favour of the view
that they were by no means a barbarous people. Diodorus Siculus, who was
Cæsar’s contemporary, speaks of them as possessing an integrity of
character even superior to that commonly obtaining among the Romans; and
Tacitus, writing about a century later, ascribes to them great alertness
of apprehension, as well as high mental capacity. Protected as they were
by the sea, it is probable that war entered to no large extent into their
lives, and they were essentially a pastoral people. The cultured and
daring Phoenician traders are certain to have prospected the coast much
farther eastward than is recorded, and thus to have materially hastened
British advance in civilisation—at least, as far as the southern tribes
were concerned.
It has been claimed—on what evidence it is difficult to determine—that
the Romans, besides teaching the Britons all other arts of manufacture
and husbandry, introduced the practice of bee-culture into the conquered
isles. But Pliny, giving an account of the voyages of Pytheas, which are
supposed to have been undertaken some three hundred years before Cæsar
ever set foot here, mentions the Geographer of Marseilles as landing in
Britain, and finding the people brewing a drink from wheat and honey.
There is, however, another source of testimony on this point, of
infinitely greater antiquity than any yet enumerated. Long before the
Phoenician sailors discovered their tin-country, there were bards in
Eilenban—the White Island—hymning the prowess of their Celtic heroes and
the traditional doings of their race. These old wild songs were handed
down from singer to singer through the ages, and many of them, still
extant among the records of the Welsh bards, must be of unfathomable
antiquity. These profess to describe the state of Britain from the very
earliest beginnings of the human race. And in some of them, which are
seemingly among the oldest, Britain is called the Isle of Honey, because
of the abundance of wild bees everywhere in the primæval woods. There
would be little profit, and no little folly, in seeking to invest these
old traditions with any more than their due significance. But there is
much in a name. And it may be conjectured that if Britain was known
among the early Druidical bards as the Isle of Honey the natural
conditions giving rise to the name were still prevalent, and reflected
immemorially in the life of the people, when Cæsar first saw them
crowding the white cliffs above him, a huge-limbed, ruddy-locked,
war-like race. He records that they possessed their herds of tame cattle
and their cultivated fields; and it is reasonable to suppose that the
hives of wattled osier that Virgil wrote of a century later had their
ancient counterpart of woven basket hives in the British villages of the
day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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