Balance of Power, 90; under Bismarck’s policy, 93; after Bismarck, 96; affected by the _Entente Cordiale_, 99; by the Triple _Entente_, 100, 101. Balance of Power, failure of the theory, 157, 162; breaks down in practice, 234-236. Balkan States, history of, 103-131; Turkish rule over, 104; spirit of nationality in, 108; growing power of, 119; a “tinder-box,” 120; the war against Turkey, 122-127; The Balkan League, 122. Balkan War of 1912-1913, 89. Belgium, and the revolution of 1830, 79. Bentham, Jeremy, on perpetual peace, 32-34; and a federation of nations, 263. Berlin, Congress of, 89. Bethman-Hollweg, and the Moroccan question, 171. Bismarck, builder of the German Empire, 91; policy towards France, 92, 93; and the Three Emperors’ League, 93; and the Triple Alliance, 93-94; his retirement, 95, 143; his German policy, 140-143; not for Pan-Germanism, 148; his foreign policy, 157. Boer war, Germany’s attitude in, 97, 99. Bosnia, 108; Austria acquires rights in, 115; taken over by Austria, 120, 121. Brailsford, H. N., his idea of a league of nations, 260. Bryce, Lord, attitude toward federated peace, 15. Bulgaria, origin of, 105, 106; its position under Turkey, 108; national feeling in, 109; at the Conference of Paris, 110; in the war of 1877, 113; “Big Bulgaria,” 114; acquires East Rumelia, 117; growing power of, 119; declares complete independence, 120; in the Balkan War of 1912-1913, 122-127. Bülow, Chancellor von, 171. Canning, George, and the Spanish Colonies, 78; and the Monroe Doctrine, 79; welcomes end of the Alliance, 83. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 38. Cartels, compared with trusts, xiii-xvi. Castlereagh, Lord, 154; his relations with Alexander I, 51; and treaty of Chaumont, 52; goes to Paris, 55; his idea of the Concert of Europe, 65; and the Treaty of Alliance, 65-67; at Troppau, 68, 69; his relation to the Concert of Europe, 74; his object, 81. Chaumont, Treaty of, 52-53; Castlereagh on the application of, 69. “Christian Republic” of Henry IV, 24, 25. Concentration, laws of, in society, xii-xvi; progress of, 247-251.