Arthur, King -- Homes and haunts -- England -- Cornwall (County); Cornwall (England : County) -- Antiquities, Celtic
But the more cautious student will confine his attention to a group
of but half-a-dozen places in South Wales, Devonshire, and Cornwall,
and will doubt the truth of tradition even when it mingles with the
nomenclature of the romance. Of Lyonnesse whelmed beneath the waves
we have no knowledge; it is a lost and perhaps half fabulous region.
Cameliard, whose boundaries are fairly well known, is strewed with
doubtful relics, and preserves a multitude of strange stories. These
are all that remain to us when we have traversed King Arthur’s land.
Lyonnesse is reported to have been a region of extreme fertility,
uniting the Scilly Isles with Western Cornwall. The hardy Silures
were the inhabitants of this tract, and were remarkable for their
industry and piety. No fewer than one hundred and forty churches
testified to the latter quality, and the rocks called Seven Stones
mark the site of their largest city. Tradition is untrustworthy
as to any great cataclysm, but the Saxon chronicle declared that
Lyonnesse was destroyed by a “high tide” on November 11, 1099. The
assumption is that where the sea now sweeps with tremendous force,
between Land’s End and the Scillies, once lay a fair region, another
Atlantis, which formed no unimportant part of King Arthur’s realm. The
etymology of the name Scilly is more or less doubtful. The word has
been identified with Silura, or Siluria, the land of the Silures--that
is, South Wales. Malory’s Surluse, or Surluce, reminiscent of the
French Sorlingues, if it be not Scilly must remain unidentified. The
first mention of it is in the history of La Cote Male Taile, where
it is said that Sir Lancelot and the damsel Maledisant (afterwards
known as Bienpensant) “rode forth a great while until they came
to the border of the county of Surluse, and there they found a fair
village with a strong bridge like a fortress.” A later reference shows
that it was in and about Cornwall that the knights were at this time
staying and seeking adventures with the king; and the “riding forth
a great while to the border of the country of Surluse” would fit in
with the idea that Cornwall and Scilly were not then divided by the
sea, but formed part of the kingdom of Lyonnesse. Sir Tristram, who is
essentially a Lyonnesse knight, was sought in the country of Surluse
when he had vanished during the period of King Mark’s treachery; and
there seems no doubt that, though an accessible part of the kingdom,
it was a considerable distance away, and perhaps somewhat out of the
beaten track. Sir Galahalt, “the haut prince,” was its ruler, and
he was resorted to by the knights; but we are distinctly told that
“the which country was within the lands of King Arthur,” and for that
reason Sir Galahalt could not even arrange a joust without obtaining
his sovereign’s consent. Again, Sir Galahalt was known as Sir Galahalt
“of the Long Isles,” which admits of a fair deduction, and seems not
without its significance in this argument.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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