Arthur, King -- Homes and haunts -- England -- Cornwall (County); Cornwall (England : County) -- Antiquities, Celtic
In the _Prologue_ by Caxton we are told that record of King Arthur was
to be found in “the toune of Camelot, the grete stones and mervayllous
werkys of yron lying under the grounde, and ryal vautes, which dyvers
now lyving hath seen.” These relics have vanished, and Camelot is
nothing but a waste. But there is just a chance that Caxton had some
other Camelot than South Cadbury in his mind, for he speaks of it as in
Wales, while in the story of the burial of Balin and Balan by Merlin we
read that “Balin’s sword was put in marble stone, standing upright as
great as a milstone, and the stone hoved alwayes above the water, and
did many yeares, and so by adventure it swam downe the streame to the
citie of Camelot, that is in English, Winchester.”[26] This confusion
is easily explained. Putting aside the fact that there is little
coherence or consistency in the geography of the romance, we have
already suggested a reason for the chronicler’s statement that Camelot
was Winchester. In Monmouthshire is Caer-went, a resort of King Arthur,
and Winchester was known as Caer-wynt, a sufficiently close resemblance
to lead the old chroniclers astray. Obviously there must have been more
than one Camelot, if we are to pay any heed to the situation, distance,
and characteristics mentioned in Malory’s chapters. Caer-went has a
history dating back to the fifth century, when a school or college was
founded there by Ynyr Gwent, king of the district called Gwent, and
the husband of Vortimer’s daughter, Madrun. At Caer-went was fought
one of the last British battles with the Saxons just as they were
reaching the gates of Caerleon itself. The town is situated on the
Via Julia, or military road, made by Julius Frontius in the year 80,
and traces of it remained at the beginning of last century. Leland
speaks of its four great gates which “yet appear,” and an enthusiastic
pilgrim in 1802 wrote that the place, despite its present uninviting
and desolate aspect, deserved “every attention that can be bestowed by
the antiquarian or lover of those scites memorable for having been the
scenes of magnificence, genius, and heroism. Roman greatness has at
this place shone with a splendour little inferior to any other part of
the kingdom.” By some Caer-went is supposed to have been the capital
of the Silures, before Caerleon, and to have had a population of ten
thousand. Leland describes it as “a sumtyme fair and large cyte.” As a
British camp it may figure under various names in the romances.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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