Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
Gender.--Inanimate objects have no gender. In nouns gender may
be shown by use of different words, as "tlangval," a young man;
"nula," a maiden. This system is only employed when speaking
of human beings, by adding suffixes--"pa" and "chal" for males,
"nu" and "pui" for females; thus "fa pa," son; "fa nu," daughter;
"she chal," bull metna; "she pui," cow metna. "Chal" and "pui"
are restricted to full-grown animals. All men's names end in "a,"
all women's in "i." Some words are the same in both genders--"u,"
elder brother or sister; "nao shen," a baby; "naupang," child. "I"
is the feminine termination in Manipuri also.
Number.--The plural terminations are "te," "ho," and "zong"; sometimes
these are combined or duplicated.
Mi zong zong = all mankind.
Lal te ho = chiefs.
These terminations are omitted when the number can be otherwise
inferred.
Sakor paruk = six horses.
Puan tam tak ka pe = I gave many cloths.
When a suffix is added to a noun to denote case, the plural suffix
follows the case suffix.
Zawng-a-te an lo changa.
Monkey into s they became changed.
Kan in-a-te an lo-lut-a.
Our house into s they entered.
Case.--Nouns are not inflected. The agent is denoted by the suffix
"in."
Lal in a that = The chief killed (him).
The same suffix is used to distinguish the instrument.
Lal in fei in a shun = The chief speared (him) with a spear.
"In" is therefore exactly equivalent to "na" used in Manipuri to
distinguish the agent or instrument.
The other cases can only be inferred from the position of the words.
The object immediately precedes the transitive verb governing it.
Lal-in puan a-pe = The chief gave a cloth.
The indirect object precedes the direct.
Suaka puan ka pe = I gave a cloth to Suaka.
Hnena (to) is sometimes used to give greater clearness.
Lal hnena ui pakhat ka pe ang = I will give a dog to the chief.
The thing possessed immediately follows the possessor.
Kawn bawl in a-kang = The minister's house caught fire.
The following construction is sometimes used:--
Kawn bawl a in a lian e = Minister his house it big is.
The other cases are rendered by suffixes.
Ka in a daraw. Ka in a tang in laraw. Aizawl a kalraw.
My house in put. My house from bring. Aijal to go.
Adjectives follow the words they qualify, but are not inflected in
any way.
Mipa tha = a good man.
Hmaichhia tha = a good woman.
Nula-te tha = good girls.
When a noun is used as an adjective it precedes the noun it qualifies,
as, "Lung in," stone house.
Adjectives are compared thus
Suaka Nela ai- in a chha k zawk.
Suaka Nela than he stronger.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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