Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
All these clans have been given definite sites in Manipur and have
practically abandoned the migratory habits of their forefathers,
and therefore the idea of property in land, which is entirely absent
in the case of the Lushais, is fast springing up. Many villages are
moving nearer to the plain in order that the people may take leases
from the State of land in the valley and carry on plough cultivation,
but they also do a certain amount of jhuming, and proprietary rights
in jhum lands are recognised.
The punishment for theft is arranged much on the Lushai system of the
theft of certain articles having a fixed fine attached to it. This
is generally a pig, two jars of zu, and a brass plate. Among the
Chiru the whole fine is consumed by the people of the village, the
thief also getting his share. The Kolhen punishment is a fine of
Rs. 28/-, a pig, and two jars of zu. In case of rice being stolen,
the Tikhup custom is that the village officials at once kill and eat
the pig of the thief and then make him pay a mithan as compensation
to the complainant. Thefts of minor articles are generally punished
by the thief providing a pig and zu for the entertainment of his
judges. Manslaughter is punished by the payment of compensation,
the amount varying considerably. The Anal demand a mithan and a gong,
the Chiru a mithan and a cloth, the Kolhen three mithan, a brass pot,
a pig, and two pots of zu, the Lamgang four gongs, ten jars of zu,
and a big pig. Petty assaults are punished by fines of pigs and zu. A
false charge is often punished by a fine of zu. Most of these clans
declare that sodomy is unknown among them, the very notion appearing
to them highly absurd.
All disputes and accusations are disposed of by the village officials,
who meet sometimes in the house of the khul-lakpa and sometimes at a
special spot outside the village where stone seats have been prepared.
Since the settlement of these clans in Manipur territory all raiding
and fighting has been stopped, so that they have practically forgotten
what were the habits of their forefathers in these respects, but
the Kom declare that in the good old days the young Kom warriors
went off on head-hunting expeditions, and if successful adorned the
village gate with the trophies of their prowess; and there is no
reason to doubt that, in spite of their present peaceable behaviour,
the previous history of these clans was not less full of raids and
counter-raids than that of their neighbours.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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