Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
The general religious beliefs of these clans show a great resemblance
to each other and also to that of the Lushais. Pathian is universally
recognised as the creator who lives in the sky, though the name is
slightly different, appearing as Pathel among the Anal and Kolhen,
and Patheng among the Kom. Mi-thi-khua is generally known as the
place of departed spirits, but the Chiru and Tikhup have no idea of
a place of greater comfort for the spirits of warriors, though the
Chiru believe that the spirits of those that die unnatural deaths
go to a separate and inferior place, while those of the other dead
go westwards into the sky. The Anal, Kolhen, and Lamgang believe
that, after hovering around the grave for some time, the spirit is
reincarnated in some new-born child, but that an unnatural death
prevents this and the spirit passes away skywards and returns no
more. The belief in a being or beings which trouble the spirits on
their way to Mi-thi-khua, as Pupawla does with his pellet bow, is
very general. The Aimol call him Ramcharipu, and say that he makes
the spirits of all, except "Thangchhuah," kill a certain number of
lice in his head. The Vaiphei say that a male and a female being
guard the road and trouble and detain the spirits of those who have
not attained the honours of Thangchhuah. With the exception of the
Tikhup, all the clans believe in demons, which they call by various
names and which correspond exactly with the Huai of the Lushais. The
Aimol call these devils Numeinu, Thanglian Borh, Tuikuachoi. "Numeinu"
means mother of woman Borh brings to memory the infantile illness
called by that name by the Lushais, while "Tuikuachoi" is evidently
the Tui-huai. The Aimol and Chiru perform the Daibawl sacrifices in
the same manner as the Lushais. The Chawte sacrifice pigs and fowls
in case of sickness, but the Khal sacrifices are quite unknown to any
Old Kuki clans. Lashi is known to the Aimol and Vaiphei. Among the
former the Sakhua sacrifices are performed to this deity, and he is
capable of giving success in the chase. The Vaiphei place Lashi almost
on a par with Pathian and sacrifice a pig to him every year. Strange
to say, he is supposed to have only one leg. The Sakhua chant of the
Vuite commences with an invocation to all the wild animals to collect.
In nearly every clan there is an annual festival in honour of the
souls of those who have died during the year, but in no case is the
Mi-thi-rawp-lam or any similar festival included in the series of
Thangchhuah feasts.
The Aimol sacrifice either a pig or a goat to Lashi as their
Sakhua. The Chawte have been much influenced by Manipuris, and I was
first told that the names of their gods were Pakhangba and Nungchongba,
but on a little further enquiry I found that Pakhangba was always
called Pathian when talking among themselves. The other deity is
probably the Manipuri god Nungshaba ("The Meitheis," Hodson, page 98).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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