THE PROVISION FOR THE INTELLECTUAL NATURE OF MAN.
Truth and reality stand for the same thing. Reality is truth out of the
mind, and truth is reality in the mind. Reality is objective truth, and
truth is subjective reality. But all reality is in relation to mind;
objective reality to the divine mind, and subjective reality to the
human mind. Objective reality is the realized thought of God; subjective
reality is the realized thought of man. The correspondence of thoughts to
things is called scientific truth. Objective reality is truth, because it
corresponds to the thought of God. Knowledge in the human mind is truth
when it corresponds to objective reality or the expressed thought of
God. When words and conduct correspond to knowledge, we have truth in the
domain of morals.
In saying that objective reality is the realized thought of God, we
denote its unity. This is not to destroy the particulars of which it is
composed, or to swamp their individuality in an inarticulate mass, but
simply to indicate their oneness.
When the observer looks out into the universe, which includes and shuts
him round, he is impressed by the infinite varieties and diversities
which everywhere meet his gaze. No two things are alike. No two leaves,
no two drops of water, no two snowflakes, no two apples, no two faces.
Every particular thing seems to be persistently determined to differ,
in some respect at least, from everything else. The history of true
knowledge begins, however, with the observation of resemblance and
similarity—just beneath the surface of difference and variety. The
lightning that appears on the bosom of the cloud, like the writing of
some awful fiend, is seen to be the same with the gentle sparks emitted
when a tag of silken ribbon is drawn briskly between the fingers. The
power that pulls the ball to the ground is seen to be the same as that
which keeps the sun in his place.
The plant lifts itself up as but a sum of organized varieties; but every
part, corolla, petal, and stamen, is known to be only modified leaf.
Keeping to their silent and lonely rounds since the dawn of time, are the
stars in the heavens, differing in color, orbit, and size, but we now
know that to understand the elements of which they are composed, we have
only to lift our foot and see what the constituent parts of the earth
beneath it are. Were objective reality one amorphous mass, it would not
be intelligible. It is one and many, particular and universal, singular
and manifold, concrete and discrete. All things cohere in a centrality
that includes and commands them.
So true is it that unity underlies all difference, that no single variety
can be understood, only as it is considered in relation with the whole of
which it forms a part.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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