The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in EuropeWashington, Booker T.
History
The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe
Washington, Booker T.
Poor -- Europe; Working class -- Europe
It seems to me that during my short journey in Europe I heard of
more kinds of strikes, and learned more about the different ways in
which this form of warfare can be used, than I ever learned before
in all my life. In Europe one hears, for example, of "political"
strikes, of "general" strikes, and of "agricultural" strikes--harvest
strikes--which are a peculiar and interesting variety of the ordinary
labour strikes. There are rent strikes, "hunger riots," strikes of
students, even of legislatures, and when I was in Budapest some one
called my attention to an account in one of the papers of what was
called a "house strike."
This was a case in which the tenants of one of the large tenement
buildings or apartment houses of the city had gone on strike to
compel the landlord to reduce the rent. They had hung the landlord in
effigy in the big central court around which the building is erected;
decorated the walls and balconies with scurrilous placards, and then
created such a disturbance by their jeers and outcries, supplemented
with fish horns, that the whole neighbourhood was roused. The house
strikers took this way to advertise their grievances, gain public
sympathy, and secure reduction of the rent.
I had an opportunity, during my stay in Europe, to get some first-hand
information in regard to these continental strikes. I was in Berlin
just before and after the three days' battle between the striking
coalyard men of Moabit and the police, in the course of which several
of the officers and hundreds of the people were wounded. For several
days one section of Berlin was practically in a state of siege. The
police charged the crowd with their horses, trampled the people
under foot, and cut them down with their swords. The soldiers hunted
the strikers into the neighbouring houses, where they attempted to
barricade themselves and replied to the attacks of the police by
hurling missiles from the windows of the houses into the streets below.
At night the streets were in darkness, because the strikers had cut the
electric wires, thus shutting off the lights, so that the police were
compelled to carry torches in order to distinguish friends from foes.
At another time, while I was in Fiume, Hungary, I had an opportunity
to see for myself the manner and spirit in which these strikes are
conducted, or, rather, the way in which they are put down by the police.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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