The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in EuropeWashington, Booker T.
History
The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe
Washington, Booker T.
Poor -- Europe; Working class -- Europe
I had gone out one day to visit the emigrant station, which is situated
on the outskirts of the city, and noticed, on my way thither, a number
of policemen on the car. Then, apparently at a signal from a man in
charge, they seemed to melt away. Half an hour later, while I was
at the emigrant station, I was startled by loud cries outside the
building. Every one rushed to the windows. The street was crowded with
men, women, and children, all running helter-skelter in the direction
of the city. Some of the hands in a nearby factory had gone on strike.
I could not at first understand why every one seemed in such a state of
terror. Very soon I learned, however, that they were running from the
police, and a moment later the police themselves moved into view.
They were formed in a broad double line across the avenue, and,
marching rapidly, simply swept everything before them. At their head,
bearing a heavy cane, was a man in plain clothes. I do not know whether
he was an officer or the proprietor of the factory, but I was struck
with the haughty and contemptuous air with which he surveyed the rabble
as it melted away from in front of him. In a few minutes the street was
empty and, so far as I could see, the strike was over.
It was a small affair in any case. There was no bloodshed and almost
no resistance on the part of the strikers, so far as I could see. It
was sufficient, however, to give me a very vivid notion of the ruthless
way in which the governments of these stern military powers deal with
rebellious labourers. European governments seem to have the habit of
interfering, in a way of which we have no conception in this country,
in all the small intimate affairs of life. So it is not to be expected
that they would be able, like the police in this country, to act as a
neutral party or referee, so to speak, in the struggles of labour and
capital. That is the reason, I suspect, why in Europe strikes almost
always turn out to be a battle with the police or an insurrection
against the Government.
Almost anything may be made the occasion of a strike in Europe, it
seems. Sometimes in Austria and Hungary, as I learned, members of
the local diets or provincial legislatures go on a strike and refuse
to make any laws until certain demands have been complied with by the
central government at Vienna. Sometimes the students in one or more of
the national universities go on a strike because a favourite professor
has been removed by the Government, or because they are opposed to
some particular measure of the Government. Not infrequently, in France
or Italy, labour disturbances are fomented for political or party
purposes, particularly among the employees of the state railways.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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