SUBCLASS II. GYMNOSPERMÆ. Pistil an open scale or altered leaf, bearing naked ovules on its margin or its upper surface, or in Taxus entirely wanting. Flowers monœcious or diœcious. CONIFERÆ, 489 CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. (See p. 15.) [A.] SPADICEOUS DIVISION. _Flowers aggregated on a spadix or fleshy axis, or sometimes scattered, destitute of calyx and corolla (excepting some_ Araceæ _and_ Naiadaceæ, _where, however, they are on a spadix), and also without glumes (husky scales). Leaves sometimes with netted veins._ Little floating aquatics, with no distinction of stem and foliage. LEMNACEÆ, 551 Immersed aquatics, branching and leafy. NAIADACEÆ, 557 Reed-like or Flag-like marsh herbs, with linear and sessile nerved leaves; flowers in spikes or heads. Flowers monœcious, and quite destitute of floral envelopes. TYPHACEÆ, 547 Flowers perfect, on a lateral spadix; sepals 6. Acorus, in ARACEÆ, 550 Terrestrial or marsh plants; leaves mostly with a distinct netted-veined blade, petioled. ARACEÆ, 548 [B.] PETALOIDEOUS DIVISION. _Flowers not collected on a spadix, furnished with floral envelopes (perianth) answering to calyx or to both calyx and corolla, either herbaceous or colored and petal-like (wholly glumaceous in_ Juncaceæ). [1.] _Perianth adherent to the whole surface of the ovary._ Flowers diœcious (or rarely perfect), regular. Aquatics; ovules and seeds several or numerous. HYDROCHARIDACEÆ, 495 Twiners; ovules and seeds one or two in each cell. DIOSCOREACEÆ, 517 Flowers perfect; ovules and seeds usually numerous. Stamens only one or two; flower irregular, gynandrous. ORCHIDACEÆ, 497 Stamens three. Anthers introrse, opening transversely. BURMANNIACEÆ, 496 Anthers introrse or versatile, opening lengthwise. HÆMODORACEÆ, 512 Anthers extrorse, opening lengthwise. IRIDACEÆ, 513 Stamens 6; flowers usually on a scape from a bulb. AMARYLLIDACEÆ, 515 [2.] _Perianth adherent only to the base or lower half of the ovary._ Perianth woolly or roughish-mealy; leaves often equitant. HÆMODORACEÆ, 512 Perianth smooth; the leaves grass-like. Stenanthium, etc., in LILIACEÆ, 517 [3.] _Perianth wholly free from the ovary._ Pistils numerous or few in a head or ring. ALISMACEÆ, 553 Pistil one, compound (cells or placentæ mostly 3).