Perianth not glumaceous or chaffy; flowers not in dense heads. Stamens 6 (in Maianthemum 4), similar and perfect. Scurfy-leaved epiphyte; seeds hairy-tufted. BROMELIACEÆ, 511 Marsh herbs; carpels nearly distinct or separating closed from the axis; seed without albumen. Juncagineæ, in NAIADACEÆ, 557 Terrestrial, not rush-like; seeds with albumen. Perianth of similar divisions or lobes, mostly colored. LILIACEÆ, 517 Perianth of 3 foliaceous and green sepals and 3 colored withering-persistent petals. Trillium in LILIACEÆ, 517 Perianth of 3 persistent green sepals, and 3 ephemeral deliquescent petals. COMMELINACEÆ, 538 Stamens 6, dissimilar, or only three with perfect anthers. Sepals 3, herbaceous; ephemeral petals 3, unequal. COMMELINACEÆ, 538 Perianth tubular, 6-lobed. PONTEDERIACEÆ, 535 Stamens 3, similar. Moss-like aquatic. MAYACEÆ, 537 Perianth wholly glumaceous, of 6 similar divisions. JUNCACEÆ, 539 Perianth partly glumaceous or chaff-like; flowers in very dense heads. Rush-like or aquatic. Flowers perfect; inner perianth of three yellow petals; perfect stamens and plumose sterile filaments each 3; pod 1-celled, many-seeded on 3 parietal placentæ. XYRIDACEÆ, 536 Flowers monœcious or diœcious, whitish-bearded; stamens 4 or 3; pod 2--3-celled, 2--3-seeded. ERIOCAULEÆ, 566 [C.] GLUMACEOUS DIVISION. _Flowers destitute of proper perianth, except sometimes small scales or bristles, but covered by scale-like bracts or glumes._ Glume a single scale-like bract with a flower in its axil. CYPERACEÆ, 567 Glumes in pairs, of two sorts. GRAMINEÆ, 623 CLASS III. CRYPTOGAMOUS ACROGENS. (See p. 17.) SUBCLASS I. PTERIDOPHYTES: with woody fibres and vessels. Spores of only one kind; spore-cases Borne beneath shield-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems naked, sheathed at the nodes. EQUISETACEÆ, 675 On the back or margin of fronds circinate in vernation. FILICES, 678 Bivalvular, in special spikes or panicles; fronds erect in vernation, from short erect rootstocks. OPHIOGLOSSACEÆ, 693 Solitary in the axils of leaves, 2--3-valved; low long-stemmed moss-like evergreens; leaves small, in 4--16 ranks. LYCOPODIACEÆ, 695 Spores of two kinds, large and small; spore-cases