[37] _Revue de Droit International_, xxi. 615. [38] See Sir James Stephen's _General View of the Criminal Law of England_, pp. 167, 168. [39] Phillips's defence of his own conduct will be found in a pamphlet called 'Correspondence of S. Warren and C. Phillips relating to the Courvoisier trial.' It has often been said that Phillips had asserted in his speech his full belief in the innocence of his client, but this is disproved by the statement of C. J. Tindal, who tried the case, and of Baron Parke, who sat on the bench. C. J. Denman also pronounced Phillips's speech to be unexceptionable. An able and interesting article on this case by Mr. Atlay will be found in the _Cornhill Magazine_, May, 1897. [40] See these cases in Warren's _Social and Professional Duties of an Attorney_, pp. 128-133, 195, 196. [41] See the admirable article by Lord Justice Bowen on 'The Administration of the Law' in Ward's _Reign of Queen Victoria_, vol. i. CHAPTER X It is obvious from the considerations that have been adduced in the last chapter that the moral limitations and conditions under which an ordinary member of Parliament is compelled to work are far from ideal. An upright man will try conscientiously, under these conditions, to do his best for the cause of honesty and for the benefit of his country, but he cannot essentially alter them, and they present many temptations and tend in many ways to blur the outlines separating good from evil. He will find himself practically pledged to support his party in measures which he has never seen and in policies that are not yet developed; to vote in some cases contrary to his genuine belief and in many cases without real knowledge; to act throughout his political career on many motives other than a reasoned conviction of the substantial merits of the question at issue.