The Mathematical Theory of RelativityEddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
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The Mathematical Theory of Relativity
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Relativity (Physics)
The difficulty in conceiving spherical or elliptical space arises mainly because
\index{Space, a network of intervals}%
we think of space as a continuum in which objects are \emph{located}. But it
was explained in \SecRef{1} that location is not the primitive conception, and is of
the nature of a computational result based on the more fundamental notion
of extension or distance. In using the word ``space'' it is difficult to repress
irrelevant ideas; therefore let us abandon the word and state explicitly that
we are considering a \emph{network of intervals} (or distances, since at present we
are not dealing with time). The relation of interval or distance between two
points is of some transcendental character comparable, for example, with a
difference of potential or with a chemical affinity; the reason why this particular
relation is always associated with geometrical ideas must be sought in
human psychology rather than in its intrinsic nature. We apply measure-numbers
to the interval as we should apply them to any other relation of the
two points; and we thus obtain a network with a number attached to every
chord of the net. We could then make a string model of the network, the
length of each string corresponding to the measure-number of the interval.
\PageSep{159}
Clearly the form of this model---the existence or non-existence of unexpected
cross-connections---cannot be predicted \Foreign{a~priori}; it must be the subject of
observation and experiment. It may turn out to correspond to a lattice drawn
by the mathematician in a Euclidean space; or it may be cross-connected in
a way which cannot be represented in a lattice of that kind. Graphical representation
is serviceable as a tool but is dangerous as an obsession. If we can
find a graphical representation which conforms to the actual character of the
network, we may employ it; but we must not imagine that any considerations
as to suitability for graphical representation have determined the design of
the network. From experience we know that small portions of the network
do admit of easy representation as a lattice in flat space, just as small portions
of the earth's surface can be mapped on a flat sheet. It does not follow that
the whole earth is flat, or that the whole network can be represented in a
space without multiple connection.
\Section{69.}{Law of gravitation for curved space-time}
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