The Mathematical Theory of RelativityEddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Science
The Mathematical Theory of Relativity
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Relativity (Physics)
The Lorentz transformation continues to hold for a limited region. Since
the advent of the general theory, it has been recognised that the special theory
only applies to particular regions where the~$g_{\mu\nu}$ can be treated as constants, so
that it scarcely suffers by the fact that it cannot be applied to the whole
domain of spherical space. Moreover the special principle is now brought into
line with the general principle. The transformations of the theory of relativity
relate to the differential equations of physics; and our tendency to choose
simple illustrations in which these equations are integrable over the whole of
space-time (as simplified in the mathematical example) is responsible for much
misconception on this point.
The remaining features of Einstein's world require little comment. His
spherical space is commonplace compared with de~Sitter's. Each observer's
coordinate-system covers the whole world; so that the fields of their finite
experience coincide. There is no scattering force to cause divergent motions.
Light performs the finite journey round the world in a finite time. There is
no passive ``horizon,'' and in particular no mass-horizon, real or fictitious.
Einstein's world offers no explanation of the red shift of the spectra of distant
objects; and to the astronomer this must appear a drawback. For this and
other reasons I should be inclined to discard Einstein's view in favour of
de~Sitter's, if it were not for the fact that the former appears to offer a distant
hope of accounting for the occurrence of a very large pure number as one of
the constants of nature.
\Section{72.}{The problem of the homogeneous sphere}
\index{Homogeneous sphere, problem of}%
\index{Problem!of homogeneous sphere}%
\index{Sphere, problem of homogeneous}%
For comparison with the results for naturally curved space, we consider a
problem in which the curvature is due to the presence of ordinary matter.
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