[174] There were 426 at the wedding of Margaret of England with John of Brabant in 1290 (Chappell, i. 15, from _Wardrobe Bk._ 18 Edw. I). [175] Rigordus, _de gestis Philippi Augusti_ (1186) ‘vidimus quondam quosdam principes qui vestes diu excogitatas et variis florum picturationibus artificiossisimis elaboratas, pro quibus forsan viginti vel triginta marcas argenti consumpserant, vix revolutis septem diebus, histrionibus, ministris scilicet diaboli, ad primam vocem dedisse.’ [176] The _Annales_ (†1330) of Johannes de Trokelowe (R. S.), 98, tell _s. a._ 1317, how when Edward II was keeping Pentecost in Westminster ‘quaedam mulier, ornatu histrionali redimita, equum bonum, histrionaliter phaleratum, ascensa, dictam aulam intravit, mensas more histrionum circuivit.’ She rode to the king, placed an insulting letter in his hands, and retired. The ‘ianitores et hostiarii,’ when blamed, declared ‘non esse moris regii, alicui menestrallo, palatium intrare volenti, in tanta solemnitate aditum denegare’; cf. Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ (R. S.). i. 149. [177] Strutt, 189, has a fourteenth-century story of a youth rebuked for coming to a feast in a coat bardy, cut German fashion like a minstrel’s; cf. the complaint against knights in _A Poem on the times of Edward II_ (Percy Soc. lxxxii), 23: ‘Now thei beth disgysed, So diverselych i-diȝt, That no man may knowe A mynstrel from a knyȝt Wel ny.’ The miniatures show minstrels in short coats to the knees and sometimes short capes with hoods. The _Act of Apparel_ (1463, 3 _Edw. IV_, c. 5) excepts minstrels and ‘players in their interludes.’ The Franciscan story (p. 57) shows that some of the humbler minstrels went shabby enough. [178] Klein, iii. 635; Du Méril, _Or. Lat._ 30; Gautier, ii. 104; Geoffrey of Monmouth, _Historia Britonum_, ix. 1 ‘rasit capillos suos et barbam, cultumque ioculatoris cum cithara cepit.’ Cf. the canon quoted on p. 61 requiring Goliardic clerks to be shorn or shaven, to obliterate the tonsure. The flat shoe had been a mark of the _mimi planipedes_ at Rome. [179] Gautier, ii. 105. Thus Nicolete (_Aucassin et Nicolete_, ed. Bourdillon, 120) ‘prist une herbe, si en oinst son cief et son visage, si qu’ele fu tote noire et tainte. Et ele fist faire cote et mantel et cemisse et braies, si s’atorna a guise de jogleor’; cf. _King Horn_ (ed. Hall, 1901), 1471-2: ‘Hi sede, hi weren harpurs, And sume were gigours.’ [180] Roger de Hoveden, _Chronicon_ (R. S.), iii. 143 ‘De regno Francorum cantores et ioculatores muneribus allexerat, ut de illo canerent in plateis; et iam dicebatur quod non erat talis in orbe.’ [181] Ten Brink, i. 314. [182] Malory, _Morte d’Arthur_, x. 27, 31. Even King Mark let the minstrel go quit, because he was a minstrel. [183] Cf. p. 40.