I am not quite satisfied as to the relations of date between the _Concordia Regularis_ and the Winchester tropers, or as to whether the _Quem quaeritis_ was intended in one or both of these manuscripts for use at the Easter Matins[39]. But it is clear that such a use was known in England at any rate before the end of the tenth century. It was also known in France and in Germany: the former fact is testified to by the _Consuetudines_ of the monastery of St. Vito of Verdun[40]; the latter by the occurrence of the _Quem quaeritis_ in a troper of Bamberg, where it has the heading _Ad visitandum sepulchrum_ and is followed by the Matins chant of _Te Deum_[41]. The heading of the Bamberg version and the detailed description of the _Concordia Regularis_ bring the _Quem quaeritis_ drama into close relations with the Easter ‘sepulchre’[42]. They are indeed the first historical notices of the ceremony so widely popular during the Middle Ages. Some account of the Easter sepulchre must accordingly be inserted here, and its basis shall be the admirably full description of St. Ethelwold[43]. He directs that on Good Friday all the monks shall go _discalceati_ or shoeless from Prime ‘until the cross is adored’[44]. In the principal service of the day, which begins at Nones, the reading of the Passion according to St. John and a long series of prayers are included. Then a cross is made ready and laid upon a cushion a little way in front of the altar. It is unveiled, and the anthem _Ecce lignum crucis_ is sung. The abbot advances, prostrates himself, and chants the seven penitential psalms. Then he humbly kisses the cross. His example is followed by the rest of the monks and by the clergy and congregation. St. Ethelwold proceeds:— ‘Since on this day we celebrate the laying down of the body of our Saviour, if it seem good or pleasing to any to follow on similar lines the use of certain of the religious, which is worthy of imitation for the strengthening of faith in the unlearned vulgar and in neophytes, we have ordered it on this wise. Let a likeness of a sepulchre be made in a vacant part of the altar, and a veil stretched on a ring which may hang there until the adoration of the cross is over. Let the deacons who previously carried the cross come and wrap it in a cloth in the place where it was adored[45]. Then let them carry it back, singing anthems, until they come to the place of the monument, and there having laid down the cross as if it were the buried body of our Lord Jesus Christ, let them say an anthem. And here let the holy cross be guarded with all reverence until the night of the Lord’s resurrection. By night let two brothers or three, or more if the throng be sufficient, be appointed who may keep faithful wake there chanting psalms.’