The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))Bourke, John Gregory
Religion
The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))
Bourke, John Gregory
Apache Indians -- Medicine; Apache Indians -- Religion; Apache Indians -- Rites and ceremonies; Shamans -- New Mexico
There would seem to be the best of reason for an identification of
hoddentin with the "yiauhtli" which Sahagun and Torquemada tell us was
thrown by the Aztecs in the faces of victims preparatory to
sacrificing them to the God of Fire, but the explanation given by
those authors is not at all satisfactory. The Aztecs did not care much
whether the victim suffered or not; he was sprinkled with this sacred
powder because he had assumed a sacred character.
Padre Sahagun[345] says that the Aztecs, when about to offer human
sacrifice, threw "a powder named 'yiauhtli' on the faces of those whom
they were about to sacrifice, that they might become deprived of
sensation and not suffer much pain in dying."
In sacrificing slaves to the God of Fire, the Aztec priests "tomaban
ciertos polvos de una semilla, llamada Yauhtli, y polvoreaban las
caras con ellas, para que perdiesen el sentido, y no sintiesen tanto
la muerte cruel, que las daban."[346]
Guautli, generally spelled "yuautli," one of the foods paid to
Montezuma as tribute, may have been tule pollen. Gallatin says: "I can
not discover what is meant by the guautli. It is interpreted as being
_semilla de Bledo_; but I am not aware of any other native grain than
maize having been, before the introduction of European cereales, an
article of food of such general use, as the quantity mentioned seems
to indicate."[347]
Among the articles which the king of Atzapotzalco compelled the Aztecs
to raise for tribute is mentioned "ahuauhtli (que es como
bledos)."[348]
"BLEDOS" OF ANCIENT WRITERS--ITS MEANING.
Lafitau[349] gives a description of the Iroquois mode of preparing for
the warpath. He says that the Iroquois and Huron called war
"n'ondoutagette" and "gaskenragette." "Le terme _Ondouta_ signifie le
duvet qu'on tire de l'épy des Roseaux de Marais & signifie aussi la
plante toute entiere, dont ils se servent pour faire les nattes sur
quoi ils couchent, de sorte qu'il y a apparence qu'ils avoient affecté
ce terme pour la Guerre, parce que chaque Guerrier portoit avec soy sa
natte dans ces sortes d'expeditions."
This does not seem to be the correct explanation. Rather, it was
because they undoubtedly made some sacrificial meal of this "duvet,"
or pollen, and used it as much as the Apache do hoddentin, their
sacred meal made of the pollen of the tule, which is surely a species
of "roseaux de marais."
The great scarcity of corn among the people passed while en route to
Cibola is commented upon in an account of Coronado's expedition to
Cibola, in Coleccion de Documentos Inéditos, relativos al
descubrimiento, conquista y colonizacion de las posesiones Españolas
de América y Oceanía.[350]
We are also informed[351] that the people of Cibola offered to their
idols "polbos amarillos de flores."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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