At this point it will be interesting to consider the Indians of Bolivia. The population of the country is composed of Indians and Caucasians of European origin, and a mixture of the two races, generally described as _mestizos_ (mes-tee´zos). There is also a small percentage of Africans, descendants of the negro slaves introduced in colonial times. Naturally, the Indians are in great majority. The Bolivian Indian is essentially a farmer. Scarcely any of these Indians are educated. Of the various tribes of Indians, the Aymaras are the most civilized. The Mojos (mo´-hos) and Chiquitos (chee-kee´-tose) tribes are peaceable and industrious. They have little ambition, and are held almost in a state of peonage. Inhabiting the southern part of the Bolivian plains are the Chiraguanos (chee-rah-gwah´-nos), a detached tribe of the Guarani race which drifted westward, to the vicinity of the Andes, long ago. They are of a superior physical and mental type, and have made a great deal of progress toward civilization. Of the wild Indians very little is known in regard to either their numbers or customs. The _mestizos_, or half-breeds, sometimes called Cholos, are the connecting link between the whites and the Indians. It has been said of the _mestizos_ that they inherit the vices of both races and the virtues of neither. PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR. VOL. 5, No. 18, SERIAL No. 142 COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. [Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH BY E. M. NEWMAN A PACK TRAIN OF LLAMAS IN LA PAZ, BOLIVIA--TWILIGHT] _BOLIVIA_ _Resources and Industries_ THREE “Imagine,” says James Bryce, “a country as big as the German and Austrian dominions put together, with a population less than that of Denmark, four-fifths of it consisting of semi-civilized or uncivilized Indians, and a few educated men of European and mixed stock, scattered here and there in half a dozen towns, none of which has more than a small number of capable citizens of that stock.” That country is Bolivia. The popular idea of Bolivia is that it is an extremely rugged, mountainous country. In fact, only two-fifths of the total area of Bolivia is comprised within the Andine Cordilleras, which cross its southwest corner. Three-fifths of the country is composed of low, alluvial plains, great swamps and flooded bottom lands, and gently undulating forest regions. There are also considerable areas that afford rich grazing lands. Bolivia lies wholly within the torrid zone. The only variations in temperature, therefore, are due to elevation. For this reason the country possesses every degree of temperature, from that of the tropical lowlands to the Arctic cold of the snow-capped peaks directly above.