The Mide'wiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa: Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1885-1886, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1891, pages 143-300Hoffman, Walter James
Religion
The Mide'wiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa: Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1885-1886, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1891, pages 143-300
Hoffman, Walter James
Midéwiwin; Ojibwa Indians -- Religion; Ojibwa Indians -- Rites and ceremonies; Ojibwa Indians -- Societies, etc.; Secret societies -- North America
The two sets of sticks (Nos. 135 and 136) near the eastern and western
doors represent the legs of Makwa´ Man´idō, the Bear Spirit. When the
Otter had observed all these things he passed round the interior of
the Midē´wigân four times, after which he seated himself in the west,
facing the degree posts, when Mi´nabō´zho approached him and for the
fourth time shot into his body the sacred mī´gis, which gave him life
that will endure always. Then Mi´nabō´zho said to the Otter, “This
degree belongs to Ki´tshi Man´ido, the Great Spirit (Nos. 137 and
138), who will always be present when you give the sacred rite to any
of your people.” At night the Midē´ Man´idōs (Nos. 139 to 162) will
guard the Midē´wigân, as they are sent by Ki´tshi Man´ido to do so.
The Bear’s nest (Nos. 163 and 164) just beyond the northern and
southern doors (Nos. 165 and 166) of the Midē´wigân are the places
where Makwa´ Man´idō takes his station when guarding the doors.
Then the Otter made a wig´iwam and offered four prayers (Nos. 167,
168, 169, and 170) for the rites of the Midē´wiwin, which Ki´tshi
Man´idō had given him.
[Illustration: Plate VII.
Ojibwa Facial Decoration.]
The following supplemental explanations were added by Sikas´sigĕ, viz:
The four vertical lines at the outer angles of the lodge structure (Nos.
171, 172, 173, and 174), and four similar ones on the inner corners
(Nos. 175, 176, 177, and 178), represent eight cedar trees planted there
by the Midē´ at the time of preparing the Midē´wigân for the reception
of candidates. The circles Nos. 179, 180, and 181, and the connecting
line, are a reproduction of similar ones shown in the three preceding
degrees, and signify the course of a Midē’s life--that it should be
without fault and in strict accordance with the teachings of the
Midē´wiwin. The short lines, terminating in circles Nos. 182, 183, 184,
and 185, allude to temptations which beset the Midē’s path, and he
shall, when so tempted, offer at these points feasts and lectures, or,
in other words, “professions of faith.” The three lines Nos. 186, 187,
and 188, consisting of four spots each, which radiate from the larger
circle at No. 179 and that before mentioned at No. 116, symbolize the
four bear nests and their respective approaches, which are supposed to
be placed opposite the four doors of the fourth degree; and it is
obligatory, therefore, for a candidate to enter these four doors on
hands and knees when appearing for his initiation and before he finally
waits to receive the concluding portion of the ceremony.
[Illustration: Fig. 5.--Migration of Âníshinâ´beg.]
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