The migrations of early culture: A study of the significance of the geographical distribution of the practice of mummification as evidence of the migrations of peoples and the spread of certain customs and beliefsSmith, Grafton Elliot
History
The migrations of early culture: A study of the significance of the geographical distribution of the practice of mummification as evidence of the migrations of peoples and the spread of certain customs and beliefs
Smith, Grafton Elliot
Ethnology; Human beings -- Migrations; Mummies
“In the right flank was a longitudinal incision, 3½ inches in length,
extending between the last rib and the crest of the ilium. This had
been very neatly closed by what is called in surgery the interrupted
suture.... The whole of the pelvic, abdominal and thoracic viscera had
been removed, and their place was occupied by four pieces of very soft
wood.... Except the wound in the flank, there was no other opening or
injury to the skin” (p. 391).
“Heads and bodies prepared in a similar way” are found in many museums,
and afford an interesting illustration of the old Egyptian practice of
paying special attention to the head. This is all the more instructive
in view of the fact that it was common in certain regions, especially
Mallicolo in the New Hebrides, to restore the features by means of clay
and resinous paste, usually making use of the skull as a basis, but
occasionally modelling the whole body,[17] the model including parts
of the deceased’s skeleton (see Henry Balfour’s article, “Memorial
Heads in the Pitt Rivers Museum,” _Man_, Vol. I., 1901, p. 65). These
modelling-practices and especially the fact that they usually deal with
the head (or even face) only afford an interesting confirmation of the
Egyptian origin of these customs (_vide supra_, etc., =40=).
In the 6th volume of the reports of the Cambridge Anthropological
Expedition to Torres Straits, C. S. Myers and Haddon (=25=, pp. 129 and
135) give a detailed account of the funeral ceremonies from which I quote
certain points. “As soon as death had occurred the women of the village
started wailing. The corpse was placed on the ground on a mat in front of
the house; the arms were placed close to the side; the great toes were
tied together by a string; the hair of the head and face was cut off
and thrown away; the length of the nose was then measured with a piece
of wax, which was preserved by a female relative for subsequent use in
making a wax mask for the prepared skull. The dead man’s bow and arrow
and his stone-headed club were laid beside him” (p. 129). The Egyptian
analogies in all of these procedures is quite obvious.
“Five men wearing masks performed a series of manœuvres ending up with
flexion of the arms and a bending of the head. This movement was said to
indicate the rising and setting of the sun and to be symbolic of the life
and death of man.
“Mourners then took the body and placed it upon a wooden framework, which
stood upon four wooden supports at a little distance from the house of
the deceased. The relatives then took large yams and placed them beside
the body on the framework; they also hung large bunches of bananas upon
the bamboos around. This was regarded as nourishment for the ghost, which
was supposed to eat it at night-time (p. 135).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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