Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272; Henry III, King of England, 1207-1272
Two days before, a safe-conduct had been issued to all the magnates
of both North and South Wales to come and do homage at Worcester at
the close of Easter (22nd April).[453] It does not appear whether
any of them came, except Llywelyn, who seems to have come for a
special purpose. Morgan, the lord of Caerleon-upon-Usk, had taken
no notice of repeated admonitions from Louis to observe the treaty
of Kingston, and had deliberately broken truce by slaying in one
day no less than ten Anglo-Normans of gentle birth, and also burning
twenty-two churches.[454] The Marshal had put an effectual stop to
such proceedings on Morgan’s part; he “fought against Caerleon and
took it”[455]--that is, according to his own biographer, his bailiff
“called up his men and his friends and besieged Caerleon, and it was
taken.” At the “parliament” at Worcester Llywelyn asked that Morgan
should, like the other allies of Louis, be formally reinstated in
the right to hold his land “according to the terms of the treaty,”
that is, as he had held it before the war. The regent, acting on the
advice of “his council”--defined as “all those who were in fealty to
him”[456]--refused, on the ground of Morgan’s flagrant infraction of
the peace; and the “parliament” adjudged Caerleon and its appurtenances
to its conqueror.[457] The general homage of Welsh magnates seems to
have been postponed from the close of Easter to the morrow of Ascension
day, 25th May.[458] On that or the following day, at Woodstock,[459] it
at last took place, so far at least as concerned Deheubarth; the Welsh
chronicles themselves tell us that “young Rhys went himself, and all
the princes, by the advice of Llywelyn, to the court of the king, from
South Wales, to do him homage.”[460]
The homage of King Ragnald “of the Isles”--that is, the Isle of Man and
the Orkneys--took longer to win, probably because he was geographically
more difficult to reach. On 16th January, 1218, he was summoned to come
over and do homage “and make amends for the excesses committed by his
men against King Henry’s men, both in England and in Ireland,” and a
safe-conduct was given him, to last till 30th April,[461] but he did
not come; on 1st May another safe-conduct was issued to him, till 1st
August,[462] again with no result; and it was not till September, 1219,
that he actually came.[463] Neither his personal contumacy nor the
piratical “excesses” of his seafaring subjects, however, constituted a
real danger to the peace of the realm.
[Sidenote: 1217]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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