This “fiction” then is Oriental. Pain is positive, pleasure merely the
diminution of excitement. The logical procedure would be to get rid of
such an apparatus, if in no other way then by committing suicide. But
later we shall learn that notwithstanding its perception of pain and
pleasure, the apparatus is unconscious. Freud and Watson together give
us a no-conscious, an unconscious, and a pre-conscious, and not a bit
of consciousness in any of the three.
_Second Assumption_: That as we develop under stress of
circumstances,--conform to our environment as a Darwinian would say,
or in other words become educated--we develop a Secondary Psychic
Apparatus whose emotional reactions are different from and often
in opposition to the emotional reactions of the first. This is the
non-instinctive, reasonable, or acquired mental equipment, the
conditioned reflex system--what we ordinarily term our second nature.
Freud divides it further into the Pre-Conscious and the Conscious--and
here at last we become really conscious. But we shall be “compelled
to build a series of new assumptions concerning the structure of the
psychic apparatus,” he informs us.[59] And here they begin. “From the
moment that we wish to penetrate deeper into the psychic processes
... all paths lead to darkness.”[60] The darkness is about to be
ours--darkness abundant, Stygian, Egyptian; darkness which may be felt.
_Third Assumption_: That, owing to the emotional differences of the two
psychic systems, the Second System offers a resistance to the desires,
thoughts and memories (all unconscious) of the first. “Whenever a
wish-fulfillment is unrecognizable or concealed, there must be a
present feeling of repulsion towards the wish, and in consequence
of this repulsion the wish is unable to gain expression except in a
disfigured state.”[61] It is this resistance which he personifies as
the Endo-Psychic Censor and imagines standing like a watch-dog at the
threshold of the pre-conscious. He even imagines a second censor
standing at the threshold of the conscious.
Everybody must admit that this resistance, personified or otherwise,
is a fact. The adult does acquire a distaste for childishness. He at
times exercises upon himself a sort of discipline. He has different
inclinations which are at war with one another. Freud’s contribution to
psychology at this point consists in the discovery that such discipline
is a perilous thing to indulge in. For--
_Fourth Assumption_: A desire so disciplined does not cease to exist,
but continues in being. The opposition of the Secondary Apparatus
causes it to be forgotten, to became a part of the unconscious. But
there it remains, “suppressed” but biding its time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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