STEAM MAKING EQUIPMENT -- USES OF PUMPS -- TYPES OF PUMPS -- PUMPS FOR BRINE -- WATER SUPPLY -- PUMPS FOR WELLS -- WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS -- PUMPS FOR BOILER FEEDING -- HEATING BOILER FEED WATER -- WELLS -- COOLING TOWERS -- ECONOMIZERS -- SUPERHEATERS -- STEAM ENGINES -- EXHAUST STEAM -- ADVICE AS TO EXHAUST STEAM -- BOILERS -- CONCLUSION. =Steam Making Equipment.=--The quantity and type of boilers needed for a plant is entirely dependent upon the quantity of steam required and its economical or uneconomical use. The refrigerating and electric producing apparatus in the average packing house are usually looked upon as the chief using elements, but they each frequently require less steam than is used for pumping purposes, and less than is used for cooking and kindred operations. It would be well to discuss the uses of steam and return to the boilers. =Uses of Pumps.=--Pumps are used for water circulating, brine circulating, boiler feeding and pumping products. These are named in the order of their steam consuming demand as it usually occurs. They consume from 40 to 120 pounds of steam per horse power hour based on the kind of pump used and the skill in its operation. The most economical are electrically operated centrifugal pumps provided the current is economically generated, steam turbine centrifugal pumps, next if in good condition, and reciprocating simplex or duplex pumps third and fourth. =Types of Pumps.=--The types chiefly used in packing house work are simplex and duplex reciprocating, centrifugal single and multi-stage operated by motor or steam turbine directly attached to the motive power, also power pumps of triplex type and rotary or impeller pumps for fats and oils. There are endless varieties of each type. =Pumps for Brine.=--For brine pumping chiefly reciprocating and direct connected horizontally set motor driven centrifugal pumps of one or more stages are used. At times power operated triplex pumps are used but the most satisfactory are the second named. Pumping brine for refrigerating purposes is a never ending process since it must be constantly performed. The common practice of an open brine tank with submerged coils is being fast superseded by the use of shell and tube type closed coolers which superseded double pipe coolers. The use of either the latter two types enables the operator to take advantage of hydraulic head by installing a balanced system described in this work which very greatly reduces the power necessary to exert to pump brine. The friction in an eight to twelve pass brine cooler is from ten to fifteen pounds, and this with the pipe friction on a balanced system will total to perhaps thirty pounds on large systems, but less than the ordinary open system--depending upon the building height.