=Water Supply.=--The water demand for packing house operation is quite an important element in relation to steam consumption. The quantity required for ammonia condensing, steam condensing (if done), and for plant purposes, washing, etc., is, in the aggregate, quite a large amount. For example: For ammonia condensing, from 1¹⁄₄ to 1¹⁄₂ gallons per minute is required per ton of refrigeration developed; for steam condensing for steam engine from 32 to 40 pounds per pound of steam condensed; for boiler operation about four gallons per horse power per hour; for plant purposes from 250 to 3,000 gallons or more per hour, depending upon the size of plant and its intelligent use. It will be readily seen that those quantities will mount in power consumption if the head or pressure pumped against is high. =Pumps for Wells.=--Water pumped from wells is usually pumped by one of four methods: (1) Suction type reciprocating pumps. (2) Deep well heads with low set pumping barrel. (3) Submerged centrifugal pumps. (4) Compressed air. For small plants where one or two wells will supply the water, the first named pump is usually used owing to cheapness of cost for installing and particularly if the water rises in the well to a height reachable by a suction type pump, viz: 23 to 25 feet. Power operated suction pumps are also available for this service. If the water be too low for the above named type to handle, deep well pumps with steam head serve pretty well and usually cost less than air pumped wells. For larger plants, larger wells are installed and submerged centrifugal pumps or compressed air is used, the latter always as a last resort from a cost of pumping standpoint, although its simplicity and reliability appeals to many. Submerged centrifugal pumps can be operated with steam turbine or motor set on top of shaft above ground. The motor operated set is the more economical, particularly if the current be generated at low cost. =Water Distribution Systems.=--The intelligent laying out of water systems and the pressure pumped against is a factor worth great attention. It is far better to have pumps of proper proportions for the service intended, even though it involves the use of a separated piping system.