In fire-proof construction the loss of cold through the ground is an unsolvable problem. To effectually do so it would be required to insulate every floor slab, top and bottom, all wall beam and column surfaces. From the foregoing deduction the cost would be prohibitive. _Basement Freezers._--It is obvious from this argument that freezers should not be located in basements. It is far better to locate them on the upper floors of the buildings and make the cellar a moderately cold room, permitting the cold that will to radiate from the columns to chill it, but supplying such additional piping as may be required to maintain a regular temperature. If a freezer is placed on a first floor, it requires insulating the basement ceiling, which can be readily done. The basement columns are not insulated. _Piping Systems._--With reference to piping for freezing boxed goods or beef cuts, the shelving system made from coils of pipe upon which to store the product while freezing is preferable. They are equally efficacious, whether used in brine circulation or direct expansion of ammonia. The coils in the freezing rooms are located on ceilings, making one layer over ceiling for fifteen-degree rooms where conditions permit, for handiness in removing frost. If the rooms be carried at thirty-two degrees or over, group the coils in alleys to enable easy location of pans for collecting drip, when coils are out of service. Whether one uses direct refrigerating by expansion of ammonia or brine circulation through pipes hung in rooms or indirect refrigerating by circulation of chilled air is a matter governed by local conditions and requirements. [Illustration: FIG. 32.--LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF A FREEZER AND STORAGE ROOM.] _Area and Division._--The plant shown in Figs. 31, 32 and 33 has a large ground area and is a non-sprinkled risk. This building has a frontage of 230 feet by 130 feet depth. To avoid an insurance area charge for too large floor areas, and because of a desire to carry several temperatures, the building was subdivided into three sections, A, B and C, by putting in fire walls. It was designed to have Section “C” subdivided into two halves, permitting the maintenance of two classes of low temperature. Section “B” was set aside primarily for carrying eggs and apples and thoroughly isolated. Section “A” was treated in like manner to Section “C,” except that provision was made for the division wall, which was not put in at time of construction. Illustrating the design is a general floor plan of the premises together with a longitudinal section drawing and a cross section drawing of Section “C.” [Illustration: FIG. 33.--TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH FREEZER SECTION “C.”]