[Footnote 5151: Articles Organiques (Catholic cult), 24. Teachers selected for the seminaries "will subscribe the declaration made by the clergy of France in 1682; they will submit to teaching the doctrine therein set forth."] [Footnote 5152: "Dsicours, rapports, etc," by Portalis, p. 101.] [Footnote 5153: Ibid, p. 378.] [Footnote 5154: Abbé Sicard, "Les Dispensateurs des bénéfices ecclésiastiques" (in the "Correspondant," Sep.10, 1889, p.883). A benefice was then a sort of patrimony which the titulary, old or ill, often handed over to one of his relatives. "A canonist of the eighteenth century says that the resignation carried with it one third of the income."] [Footnote 5155: "Souvenirs", by Pasquier (Etienne-Dennis, duc), Librarie Plon, Paris 1893. Vol. I. p. 415.: "The nomination of Cardinal Maury as arch-bishop of Paris was published on the same day that I had been appointed prefect of police. The new arch-bishop had made too much noise in the past for him not to have become known to me. He was as happy with his appointment as I was unhappy with mine. I met him in the chateau Fontainebleau and I have ever since been haunted by the noisy expression of his happiness. He constantly repeated this sentence: "The Emperor has just satisfied the two greatest requirements of his capital. With a good police and a good clergy he can always be sure of public order, since an arch-bishop is also a prefect of the police."] [Footnote 5156: Report of Siméon to the tribunat on presenting to it the Concordat and Organic Articles, Germinal 17, year X.--Henceforth "the ministers of all cults will be subject to the influence of the government which appoints or confirms them, to which they are bound by the most sacred promises, and which holds them in its dependence by their salaries."] [Footnote 5157: "Discours, rapports, etc.," by Portalis, p. 40.--Emile Ollivier, "Nouveau manuel de droit ecclésiastique," P.193. (Reply by Portalis to the protests of the Holy See, Sep. 22, 1803.) Before 1789 Portalis writes: "The spectacle presented by the monks was not very edifying.. .. The legislature having decided that religious vows could not be taken up to twenty-one years of age,... this measure keeps novices away; the monastic orders, sapped by the state of morals and by time, could obtain no recruits; they languished in a state of inertia and of disfavor which was worse than annihilation.... The era for monastic institutions had passed."] [Footnote 5158: Pelet de la Lozère, p.146. (Words of Napoleon, March 11, 1806.)] [Footnote 5159: Pelet de la Lozère, p.207 (May 22, 1804).] [Footnote 5160: Decree of Messidor 3, year XII (June 22, 1804).--Letter of Napoleon to the King of Naples, April 14, 1807, on the suppression of convents at Naples: "You know that I don't like monks, as I have uprooted them everywhere." To his sister Elisa, May 17, 1806: "Keep on and suppress the convents."]