The Monist, Vol. 2, 1891-1892 : $b A quarterly magazineVarious
Philosophy
The Monist, Vol. 2, 1891-1892 : $b A quarterly magazine
Various
Philosophy -- Periodicals
This essay of 102 pages characterises most excellently some of the
proceedings and methods of Professor Wundt’s psychological laboratory.
The author, a disciple of Wundt, is a native American who studied in
Berlin, Zürich, and Leipzig, and took his degree of Doctor on the ground
of this dissertation. The object of the treatise is not so much to solve
as to formulate the problem of the associative course of concepts, and
the author hopes that in a future treatise he will be able to propound
his theory based upon the facts here related.
The experiments were made with the assistance of seven friends, among
them German students, a doctor of philosophy, a doctor of medicine,
and a teacher. They were of different nationality, three Germans, one
Belgian, one Japanese, one Englishman from the Cape, and two Americans,
the author included. The apparatus used was so arranged that the person
operated upon sat in the dark, before him was a plate of ground glass
intercepting from a camera an image which was exposed for four seconds.
Pictures of all kinds, colors, and plainly printed words were used. For
other sense-impressions the observer was also seated in the dark. Several
instruments for producing sounds were ready on a table. Tastes were
effected by liquids which the person operated upon had to drink, and the
sense of touch was investigated through handing him cards to which some
small objects had been attached. The author was partly operator, partly
observer, i. e. the person operated upon. The ideas evoked through the
sense-impressions produced in this way, are enumerated in tabular form in
the order in which they arose.
Among the experiments made in this way we find one kind which is of
special interest. Sir William Hamilton made the remark in his Lectures
on Metaphysics that unconscious ideas may serve as connecting links
between two ideas otherwise unassociated. He represented his view in the
following way: Let _A_, _B_, _C_, be three ideas, _A_ does not suggest
_C_, but both are associated with _B_. It happens that _A_ is directly
followed by _C_ in consciousness. In such a case _A_ may recall _B_
and _B_ may recall _C_, but _B_ being a _minimum visibile_ or _minimum
audibile_ does not enter consciousness. Thus the idea of the mount Ben
Lomond called into Hamilton’s mind the system of Prussian education.
Subsequent reflection taught him that he had met on Ben Lomond a German.
The recollection of the place was associated with the ideas—a German,
Germany, Prussia. These ideas were too weak to enter consciousness yet
they reawakened another idea which did enter consciousness, the system of
Prussian education.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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