The Khalifs of Damascus, 58--Overthrow of the Omeyyads, 59--Adventures of Abd-er-Rahmān the Omeyyad, 60--He lands in Spain and is received with acclamation, 62--Foundation of the Omeyyad kingdom of Andalusia, 63--Revolts suppressed by Abd-er-Rahmān, 64--His character, 66--Hishām I., 71--His piety and virtues, 71--Power of the priests, 72--Yahya the theologian, 73--Accession of Hakam, 74--His genial character, 74--Revolt of the zealots, 75--Burning of the southern suburb of Cordova, 76. V. THE CHRISTIAN MARTYRS 78 Abd-er-Rahmān II., 78--Queen Tarūb, 81--Ziryāb the exquisite, 81--Frivolity of the Court, 82--Christian fanaticism, 84--A race for martyrdom, 85--St. Eulogius and Flora, 86--Death of Perfectus, 89--More "martyrs," 90--Indifference of the majority of the Christians, 90--Moderation counselled by the Church, 91--Flora and Eulogius in prison, 92--Their martyrdom, 93. VI. THE GREAT KHALIF 96 Large movements of race and creed in Andalusia, 96--The need of a great king, 98--Abdallah's weakness, 98--General anarchy, 101--Ibn-Hafsūn's rebellion, 102--Ibn-Hajjāj of Seville, 105--Cordova in danger, 106--Accession of Abd-er-Rahmān III., 107--His courageous policy, 108--Submission of the rebels, 109--Death of Ibn-Hafsūn and conquest of Bohastro, 110--Siege of Toledo, 110--Surrender, 113--Pacification of Andalusia, 113. VII THE HOLY WAR 114 Abd-er-Rahmān's principle of government, 114--The Slavs, 114--Wars with the Fātimite Khalifs of Africa, 115--Pelayo and the Christians of the Asturias, 116--Growth of the Christian power, 117--Alfonso's campaigns, 118--The soldiery of Leon, 119--Ordoño's forays, 119--Battle of St. Estevan de Gormaz, 120--Abd-er-Rahmān retaliates, 120--Battle of the Val de Junqueras and capture of Pamplona, 121--Abd-er-Rahmān assumes the title of Khalif, 121--Annual campaigns against the Christians, 122--Ramiro defeats him at Alhandega, 123--Jealousies among the Christians, 123--Fernando Gonzalez, 123--Queen Theuda and Sancho the Fat invoke the Khalif's aid, 125--Their visit to Cordova, 126--Hazdai the physician, 126--Death of Abd-er-Rahmān III., 126--His achievements and character, 127. VIII. THE CITY OF THE KHALIF 129 Beauty of Cordova, 129--Gardens, 131--Palaces, 132--Baths, 135--The Great Mosque, 136--"The City of the Fairest," 139--Reception at Medinat-ez-Zahrā, 142--Science and letters cultivated under the Moors, 144--Condition of the arts in Andalusia, 147. IX. THE PRIME MINISTER 152