The moth appears in September and October, and again in March and April, but seems to have been noted at various times both earlier and later. Mathew records that a female captured at sugar on June 11, deposited 36 eggs during the following week. These were laid in a chip box, and the caterpillars hatched out on June 24, fed up quickly on knotgrass, attained full growth by July 24, and pupated about that date. {36} One moth emerged September 29, and five others, including three cripples, later. This species is most frequent in Ireland and Scotland, being distributed throughout the latter country to Orkney and Shetland. It has been noted from almost every part of England, but does not seem to be plentiful generally in the country. The distribution abroad ranges to East Siberia and to North America. THE MULLEIN (_Cucullia verbasci_). Two specimens, representing both sexes, of this species are shown on Plate 15, Figs. 1 [male], 2 [female]. Sometimes the darker colour on the marginal areas, especially the inner, inclines to blackish; while in some specimens the whole of the fore wings is suffused with brownish. The caterpillar is white with a greenish tinge, each ring of the body is banded with yellow, has four black spots on the back, and some black dots and lines on the sides; the head is yellowish, dotted with black. It may be found in June and July quite exposed on mullein (_Verbascum thapsus_, and _V. pulverulentum_); also figwort (_Scrophularia nodosa_, and _S. aquatica_). Barrett states that it has been noted on _Buddlaea globosa_, an American plant sometimes grown in gardens. These caterpillars are certainly attacked by parasitical flies, but do not seem to be quite so frequently "stung" as those of some other species of the "Sharks." The caterpillar figured on Plate 18, Fig. 1, was obtained at Box Hill by Mr. Norman Riley. The moth is out in late April and in May, and, except an occasional capture at light, is rarely seen in the open. The caterpillars are probably obtainable in most English and Welsh counties, especially the southern ones of both countries, wherever there is an abundance of its food plants. Except that McArthur found the species in the Isle of Lewis, in 1901, there is no record from Scotland. In Ireland it has been recorded from Dublin by Birchall; and in 1901 three moths were taken at Timoleague, Co. Cork, and caterpillars later on were plentiful in the district. [Illustration] 2 Pl. 14. 1, 2. RED SWORD-GRASS, _male and female_. 3, 4. THE SWORD-GRASS, " " " [Illustration] 2 Pl. 15. 1, 2. THE MULLEIN MOTH. 4, 5. THE STRIPED LYCHNIS. 3. THE WATER BETONY. 6. THE STARWORT. {37} THE WATER BETONY (_Cucullia scrophulariae_).