A good deal of confusion exists both in Britain and on the Continent as to the identity of the _Cucullia_ figured and described by Capieux in 1789, and by most authors since that time. I have received over twenty specimens from Austria, Germany, and other parts of Europe, sent to me as _scrophulariae_. As I have been unable to separate the majority of these specimens from _C. lychnitis_, and the others from _C. verbasci_, Mr. F. N. Pierce has been good enough to examine the genitalia of six of the males, and of these he reports four are _C. lychnitis_, and two are _C. verbasci_. In England we certainly have a _Cucullia_ sometimes appearing in the moth state rather later than _C. verbasci_ and always earlier than _C. lychnitis;_ the caterpillar producing it feeds on _Scrophularia nodosa_ in July. It is, however, very local, and is found chiefly in North Kent, and occasionally in the Eastern Counties. Mr. Pierce finds that the male genitalia of a North Kent _scrophulariae_ sent to him do not differ from these parts in _C. verbasci_, but Dr. Chapman informs me that he detects a slight difference in one that he examined. It must be admitted that the identity of the North Kent and East Anglian _Cucullia_ with the _scrophulariae_ of Capieux is very doubtful, but we evidently shall not be greatly opposed to Continental methods if we continue to allow April and May moths resulting from Scrophularia nodosa caterpillars to do duty for _C. scrophulariae_. I have therefore figured as this species a specimen that was reared, with others, in April and May, 1877, from larvae obtained in the Dartford marshes. (Plate 15, Fig. 3.) {38} The caterpillar is of a whitish-grey colour; along the middle of the back is a series of broad deep yellow triangles pointing backwards, each edged on both sides by large confluent deep black spots, usually forming a somewhat C-shaped marking, which encloses another yellow spot, and below is followed by several black spots; behind all these, on each segment, is a deep green transverse spotless band. The forms of the black markings, composed of united spots, vary in the degree of union of these spots; each anterior spot is confluent with the posterior one below it, but does not unite transversely with the others; in one variety they resemble tadpole forms united by the tails, in another these tails are as thick as the spots and form blotched curves; and in still another they are so thick and confluent as to include some of the side spots, thus completely edging two sides of the yellow triangle with a blotched black border. (Adapted from Buckler.) THE STRIPED LYCHNIS (_Cucullia lychnitis_). An example of each sex of this species is shown on Plate 15, Figs. 4 and 5. The general colour of the fore wings is paler, and the streaks along the front and inner margins are darker than in _C. verbasci_; and the outer margins of the wings are less jagged.