The Movements and Habits of Climbing PlantsDarwin, Charles
Science
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
Darwin, Charles
Climbing plants; Geotropism; Plants; Plants -- Irritability and movements
The tendrils are thin, from 7 to 9 inches in length, with a pair of short
lateral branches rising not far from the base. The tip is slightly and
permanently curved, so as to act to a limited extent as a hook. The
concave side of the tip is highly sensitive to a touch; but not so the
convex side, as was likewise observed to be the case with other species
of the family by Mohl (p. 65). I repeatedly proved this difference by
lightly rubbing four or five times the convex side of one tendril, and
only once or twice the concave side of another tendril, and the latter
alone curled inwards. In a few hours afterwards, when the tendrils which
had been rubbed on the concave side had straightened themselves, I
reversed the process of rubbing, and always with the same result. After
touching the concave side, the tip becomes sensibly curved in one or two
minutes; and subsequently, if the touch has been at all rough, it coils
itself into a helix. But the helix will, after a time, straighten
itself, and be again ready to act. A loop of thin thread only
one-sixteenth of a grain in weight caused a temporary flexure. The lower
part was repeatedly rubbed rather roughly, but no curvature ensued; yet
this part is sensitive to prolonged pressure, for when it came into
contact with a stick, it would slowly wind round it.
One of my plants bore two shoots near together, and the tendrils were
repeatedly drawn across one another, but it is a singular fact that they
did not once catch each other. It would appear as if they had become
habituated to contact of this kind, for the pressure thus caused must
have been much greater than that caused by a loop of soft thread weighing
only the one-sixteenth of a grain. I have, however, seen several
tendrils of _Bryonia dioica_ interlocked, but they subsequently released
one another. The tendrils of the Echinocystis are also habituated to
drops of water or to rain; for artificial rain made by violently flirting
a wet brush over them produced not the least effect.
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