First introduced into metropolis -- Improvements since -- List and description of many various modern methods -- Sanitary objections to wood pavement -- Power of absorption of wood -- Preserving processes -- Wear of wood paving -- Different estimates of life -- Woods employed -- Advantages of this description of paving -- Objections to it -- Cost of wood pavement -- Tables of cost and life -- Specification of wood pavement 81 CHAPTER X. COMPRESSED ASPHALTE ROADWAYS. Description of asphalte -- Mr. Deland’s test -- Percentage of bitumen necessary -- Method of construction of compressed asphalte roadway -- Advantages of this description of pavement -- Objections to it on account of slipperiness -- Gradient -- Cost of asphalte pavement -- Tables on the subject -- Specifications for a compressed asphalte roadway -- Other descriptions of asphalte roadways -- Hints on the success or the reverse of asphalte roadways 96 CHAPTER XI. FOOTPATHS. Foundation -- List of materials for footpaths -- Mastic asphalte -- Description of manner of laying -- Proportions of asphalte, bitumen, and grit -- Yorkshire flagging -- Specification for York flagging -- Caithness flagging -- Its advantages -- Blue lias flagging -- Concrete footpaths -- Description of American concrete path -- Artificial stone pavements -- Brick footpaths -- Granite slabs -- Artificial asphalte paths -- Specification of tar pavement -- American tar pavement -- Gravel footpaths -- Sections of paths -- Tarred paths 106 CHAPTER XII. KERBING AND CHANNELLING, ETC. Necessity for kerb -- Section of granite kerb and channel -- Setting kerb -- Cost of kerb and channelling -- Necessity for gutter or channel crossings -- Gully gratings -- Objects to be attained -- Drawing of a gully-pit -- Drawing of a buddle-hole -- Mr. Baldwin Latham on the subject 123 CHAPTER XIII. LIGHTING STREETS. Gas v. Electricity -- Public Health Act on lighting -- Different hours at which public gas lamps are lighted -- Hints for a contract with a gas company -- Supply by meter -- Objections to meters -- Regulators -- Lamp-posts -- Lanterns -- Burners -- Numbering lamps -- Formula for determining distance of lamps -- M. Servier on spreading light uniformly -- Tables of different lights -- Points to be considered in public lighting by electricity -- Motive power required -- Machinery necessary -- Regulations as regards fire risks -- Lamps -- Value of electric light -- Difficulty of photometrical measurement -- Cost of electric light -- Mr. Shoolbred’s tables -- Comparative cost on Thames embankment -- Value of these investigations -- Acme of all lighting 129 CHAPTER XIV. STREET NAMING AND NUMBERING.