The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in ItalyMacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
History
The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Italy
MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
Italy -- Antiquities
The tomb contained three burials, including one of a woman of princess’
rank. With one of the males was buried his chariot (which was first
dismantled and its wooden parts ceremoniously burned); his funeral car,
plated with bronze in a sword-like leaf design; and his bronze bier,
with a raised place for the head and a latticework of twenty-nine thin
bronze bars. With the woman was buried a priceless treasure of gold, of
baroque barbarity: a magnificent golden _fibula_; a great gold pectoral
(Fig. 2.20) decorated in _repoussé_ with twelve bands of animal figures
(this, one would like to think, was what the Princess of Canino wore
to the ambassador’s party); gold and amber necklaces; massive gold
bracelets and earrings to match the pectoral; silver bracelets, rings,
pins, a spindle, and buckets, the latter decorated with fantastic
animals; ivory dice; a bronze wine-bowl, with a beautiful green patina,
decorated with six heads of lions and griffins, turned inwards; and
(reconstructed) a great bronze-plated chair of state with footstool,
the whole ornamented with vegetable and animal motifs; the arms end
in horse’s heads, the back legs in cow’s hoofs. To the second male
burial belonged a set of splendid bronze parade-shields; a bronze
incense-burner on wheels, with a rim of lotus-flowers in bronze; a
bronze vase-stand, with a conical base surmounted by two superimposed
oblate spheroids, supporting a bronze container for the vase, the whole
ornamented in _repoussé_ with bulls and winged and wingless lions;
bowls in silver and silver-gilt, decorated with horsemen, footsoldiers,
archers, lancers, chariots, lions, dogs, bulls, vultures, and palm
trees, in a style that might be Egyptian, Cypriote, or Syrian. Such of
the treasure as is imported from the Near East bespeaks the wealth of
Etruscan overlords; such as is of local manufacture bespeaks the Skill
of Etruscan craftsmen.
[Illustration: FIG. 2.20 Vatican City, Vatican Museum: gold pectoral
from the Regolini-Galassi tomb, Cerveteri. (Musei Vaticani)]
From other places, other clues to Etruscan life and customs. We may end
with two observations, both taken from tombs in Tarquinia: Etruscan
women were treated on a par with men; Etruscan sports were sometimes of
barbaric cruelty. The Tomb of the Leopards in Tarquinia (fifth century
B.C.) shows women (with dyed hair) reclining on the same dining-couch
with men; later (Tomb of the Shields, third century B.C.) women sat
at meals, while men reclined, but the sexes dined together; there was
no Oriental seclusion. The Tomb of the Chariots, also in Tarquinia,
shows women along with men in the stands watching athletic events:
horse-racing, the pole-vault, boxing, wrestling, discus-throwing,
and running. A tomb discovered by Lerici just in time to be restored
for the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome is called the Tomb of the Olympic
Victors, and shows similar events.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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