[57-3] Of very many authorities that I have at hand, I shall only mention Heckewelder, _Acc. of the Inds._[TN-1] p. 422, Duponceau, _Mém. sur les Langues de l'Amér. du Nord_, p. 310, Peter Martyr _De Rebus Oceanicis_, Dec. i., cap. 9, Molina, _Hist. of Chili_, ii. p. 75, Ximenes, _Origen de los Indios de Guatemala_, pp. 4, 5, Ixtlilxochitl, _Rel. des Conq. du Mexique_, p. 2. These terms bear the severest scrutiny. The Aztec appellation of the Supreme Being _Tloque nahuaque_ is compounded of _tloc_, together, with, and _nahuac_, at, by, with, with possessive forms added, giving the signification, Lord of all existence and coexistence (alles Mitseyns und alles Beiseyns, bei welchem das Seyn aller Dinge ist. Buschmann, _Ueber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, p. 642). The Algonkin term _Kittanittowit_ is derived from _kitta_, great, _manito_, spirit, _wit_, an adjective termination indicating a mode of existence, and means the Great Living Spirit (Duponceau, u. s.). Both these terms are undoubtedly of native origin. In the Quiche legends the Supreme Being is called _Bitol_, the substantive form of _bit_, to make pottery, to form, and _Tzakol_, substantive form of _tzak_, to build, the Creator, the Constructor. The Arowacks of Guyana applied the term _Aluberi_ to their highest conception of a first cause, from the verbal form _alin_, he who makes (Martius, _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerika's_, i. p. 696). [59-1] _Geschichte der Amerikanischen Urreligionen_, p. 403. [59-2] Bruyas, _Rad. Verb. Iroquæorum_, p. 38. [60-1] Alcazar, _Chrono-historia de la Prov. de Toledo_, Dec. iii., Año viii., cap. iv: Madrid, 1710. This rare work contains the only faithful copies of Father Rogel's letters extant. Mr. Shea, in his History of Catholic Missions, calls him erroneously Roger. [60-2] It is fully analyzed by Duponceau, _Langues de l'Amérique du Nord_, p. 309. [61-1] _Discourse on the Religion of the Ind. Tribes of N. Am._, p. 252 in the Trans. N. Y. Hist. Soc. [61-2] Mueller, _Amer. Urreligionen_, pp. 265, 272, 274. Well may he remark: "The dualism is not very striking among these tribes;" as a few pages previous he says of the Caribs, "The dualism of gods is anything but rigidly observed. The good gods do more evil than good. Fear is the ruling religious sentiment." To such a lame conclusion do these venerable prepossessions lead. "_Grau ist alle Theorie_." [62-1] Loskiel, _Ges. der Miss. der evang. Brueder_, p. 46. [62-2] Whipple, _Report on the Ind. Tribes_, p. 33: Washington, 1855. Pacific Railroad Docs. [62-3] Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes_, i. p. 359. [62-4] In Schoolcraft, _Ibid._, iv. p. 642. [63-1] Or more exactly, the Beautiful Spirit, the Ugly Spirit. In Onondaga the radicals are _onigonra_, spirit, _hio_ beautiful, _ahetken_ ugly. _Dictionnaire Français-Onontagué, édité par Jean-Marie Shea_: New York, 1859. [64-1] Squier, _The Serpent Symbol in America_.