[7] From _ana=back_, and _ptosis=a case_. Falling back from inflection. [8] As that of some of the sub-Himalayan and Indo-Chinese tribes. PART I. _The Primary Varieties of the Human Species._ I. MONGOLIDÆ. II. ATLANTIDÆ. III. IAPETIDÆ. The questions connected with the Natural History of the Human Species are so thoroughly questions of descent, affiliation, or pedigree, that I have no hesitation in putting the names of the primary divisions in the form of Greek patronymics; the supposed ancestor (or _eponymus_) being, of course, no real individual, but an ethnological fiction. To have used, instead, the words _stock_, _race_, _tribe_, or even the more scientific terms--_order_, _class_, _sub-order_, preceded by an adjective, and to have spoken of the _Mongolian stock_, _race_, _tribe_ or _order_, &c., would, apparently, have been the correcter method. It is not, however, so convenient. Every word of the sort in question is either required for the expression of the minor divisions, or is objectionable on other grounds. I am also aware that this use of the forms in _-idæ_ to express the divisions of a _species_, rather than those of an _order_, is at variance with the nomenclature of the zoologists. Still, the terms are less embarrassed with inconveniences than any I have hit upon. I. MONGOLIDÆ.--Face broad and flat from either the development of the zygomata, or that of the parietal bones; often from the depression of the nasal bones. Frontal profile retiring, or depressed, rarely approaching the perpendicular. Maxillary profile, moderately prognathic or projecting, rarely orthognathic. Eyes often oblique. Skin rarely a true white; rarely a jet black. Irides generally dark. Hair straight, and lank, and black; rarely light-coloured; sometimes curly, rarely woolly. _Languages._--Aptotic, and agglutinate; rarely with a truly amalgamate inflection. _Distribution._--Asia, Polynesia, America. _Influence upon the history of the world._--Material rather than moral. II. ATLANTIDÆ.--Maxillary profile projecting, nasal generally flat, frontal retiring, cranium dolikhokephalic, the parietal diameter being generally narrow. Eyes rarely oblique. Skin often jet-black, very rarely approaching a pure white. Hair crisp, woolly, rarely straight, still more rarely light-coloured. _Languages._--With an agglutinate, rarely an amalgamate inflection. _Distribution._--Africa. _Influence on the history of the world._--Inconsiderable. III. IAPETIDÆ.--Maxillary profile but little projecting, nasal often prominent, frontal sometimes nearly vertical. Face rarely very flat, moderately broad. Skull generally dolikhokephalic. Eyes rarely oblique. Skin white, or brunette. Hair never woolly, often light-coloured. Irides black, blue, grey.