_Population._--According to Schubert, about thirty-five thousand. THE SIRANIANS. _Locality._--North of the Permians, about the head-waters of the R. Kama, and R. Vytchegda, a feeder of the Dwina. _Native name._--Same as the Permian. _Population._--According to Schubert, thirty thousand. _Dialects._--Four. The Siranian, itself, however, is rather a dialect of the Permian than a substantive language. THE VOTIAKS. _Locality._--The R. Viatka. Called by the Russians, Viatka. " " Turk tribes, Ari. " " themselves, Udy or Udmart " " the Tcheremiss, Oda. _Religion._--Imperfect Christianity. Probably some remains of Shamanism. Of all the Finnic tribes the Votiaks are the most like the Finlanders of Finland; indeed Müller states that there is a tradition among them to the effect that their original country was Finland, and that they are immigrants from thence. On the other hand, the extent to which they differ from their south-western neighbours, the Tcheremiss, is said to be remarkable. In respect to the physical conformation of the Votiaks, the evidence of Ermann is favorable, that of Pallas less so. The latter describes them as slight and undersized: the former as strongly built. In no Finnic tribe--perhaps in no other tribe in the world,--is fiery red hair so common as amongst the Votiaks. They are an _agricultural_ population, not fishers and hunters. They are also, most probably, an unmixed population; since none of their neighbours live so exclusively to themselves, (_i.e._ not in mixed villages, half Russian, or half Bashkir,) as the Votiaks. The government under petty chiefs, or the heads of tribes, still continues; and it is a privilege of the Votiaks to elect their own village judges or arbiters. Their population seems on the increase. At the end of the last century it was forty thousand: in 1837 it was one hundred thousand. 3. THE TCHEREMISS. _Locality._--The left bank of the Middle Volga; fewer on the right. Governments of Kasan, Simbirsk, and Saratov. Recently, settlements in the Government of Astrakan, Conterminous with the Votiaks. _Name._--Russian. Native name, _Mari_=_men_. _Numbers._--According to Schubert, two hundred thousand. _Religion._--Imperfect Christianity. Greek Church. _Physical appearance._--Stature, middle; hair, light; beard, scanty; face, flat. _Habitations._--Small villages, smaller than those of the Votiaks, and Tchuvatch. Habits, agricultural; lately nomadic. THE MORDUINS. _Locality._--The most South-Western of the Finnic tribes, on the right-bank of the Volga, between the R. Sura and R. Oka. _Name._--Native. _Divisions._--The Morduins of the Oka, are called Ersad; the Morduins of the Sura, Mokshad. A third division, called Karatai, inhabits the neighbourhood of Kasan. _Numbers._--In 1837, ninety-two thousand.