The nature of the physical worldEddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Philosophy
The nature of the physical world
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Physics -- Philosophy; Science -- Philosophy
The definitions of physics proceed according to the method immortalised
in “The House that Jack built”: This is the potential, that was derived
from the interval, that was measured by the scale, that was made from
the matter, that embodied the stress, that.... But instead of finishing
with Jack, whom of course every youngster must know without need for an
introduction, we make a circuit back to the beginning of the rhyme: ...
that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay
in the house, that was built by the priest all shaven and shorn, that
married the man.... Now we can go round and round for ever.
But perhaps you have already cut short my explanation of gravitation.
When we reached matter you had had enough of it. “Please do not
explain any more, I happen to know what matter is.” Very well; matter
is something that Mr. X knows. Let us see how it goes: This is the
potential that was derived from the interval that was measured by the
scale that was made from the matter that Mr. X knows. Next question,
What is Mr. X?
Well, it happens that physics is not at all anxious to pursue the
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question, What is Mr. X? It is not disposed to admit that its elaborate
structure of a physical universe is “The House that Mr. X built”.
Fig. 8
It looks upon Mr. X—and more particularly the part of Mr. X that
knows—as a rather troublesome tenant who at a late stage of the
world’s history has come to inhabit a structure which inorganic Nature
has by slow evolutionary progress contrived to build. And so it turns
aside from the avenue leading to Mr. X—and beyond—and closes up its
cycle leaving him out in the cold.
From its own point of view physics is entirely justified. That matter
in some indirect way comes within the purview of Mr. X’s mind is not
a fact of any utility for a theoretical scheme of physics. We cannot
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embody it in a differential equation. It is ignored; and the physical
properties of matter and other entities are expressed by their linkages
in the cycle. And you can see how by the ingenious device of the cycle
physics secures for itself a self-contained domain for study with no
loose ends projecting into the unknown. All other physical definitions
have the same kind of interlocking. Electric force is defined as
something which causes motion of an electric charge; an electric charge
is something which exerts electric force. So that an electric charge is
something that exerts something that produces motion of something that
exerts something that produces ... ad infinitum.
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